Synthesis of embedded iron nanoparticles in Fe3C-derived carbons

Abstract

Carbide-derived carbons with embedded Fe nanoparticles are synthesized by partial chlorination of iron carbide at 600 o C. Interestingly, the residual Fe studied by X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy show the extraction process does not follow a layer-by-layer extraction process, as proposed in the literature for the chlorination of other carbides. Instead, a large percentage of iron carbide converts to iron (II) and iron (III) chloride nanoparticles, which remain trapped within the resulting nanoporous carbon framework. Further reductive treatment can be used to produce dispersed Fe nanoparticles with an average particle diameter approaching 10nm.

Encapsulation of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles in graphitic carbon microspheres as high-performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

“…18 In step II, the iron citrate-sucrose microspheres were carbonized at 700 ºC under inert atmosphere. Multistep and complex processes took place in step II, mainly involving 1) the decomposition of iron citrate into iron oxides; 2) the decomposition of organic species into amorphous carbon; 3) the reduction of iron oxides to metallic Fe and/or Fe 3 C; and 4) the formation of graphitic carbon around the in situ generated Fe/Fe 3 C nanoparticles through dissolution of amorphous carbon into Fe/Fe 3 C followed by the precipitation of graphitic carbon, [32][33][34] which led to the formation of Fe 3 C/Fe 3 O 4 @GC (Fig. S1).…”

The effects of reactor design on the synthesis of titanium carbide-derived carbon

“…For adsorption applications, the addition of metal nanoparticles is beneficial, as seen with other activated carbons, (Rezaee et al, 2014;Tsoncheva et al, 2014) to introduce active sorption sites for the selective adsorption of target molecules. These nanoparticles can be created in a CDC through a partial etching of the carbide precursor, (Mangarella et al, 2014) rather than a postsynthesis impregnation necessary for activated carbons. To control the residual metal loading, composition, and location, and in-depth understanding of the reaction mechanism is of utmost importance.…”

“…In this reactor design, chlorine must diffuse through the sample bed to react with the metal. If the reaction kinetics are faster than chlorine diffusion through the bed, layers form (Mangarella et al, 2014).…”

Crucial Factors for the Application of Functional Nanoporous Carbon-Based Materials in Energy and Environmental Applications

“…This increase in crystallinity is then typically accompanied with a decrease in porosity. Such "graphitization" can also occur at low temperatures in the presence of catalysts such as iron [93,94].…”