Synthesis of Essramycin and Comparison of Its Antibacterial Activity

Tee, Ernest H. L.; Karoli, Tomislav; Ramu, Soumya; Huang, Johnny X.; Butler, Mark S.; Cooper, Matthew A.

doi:10.1021/np100648q

“…This does not affect normal cell mitosis, with this combination being used in the treatment of cancer as a preliminary and promising method of chemotherapy. 48 With this biological background in mind, the marine alkaloids granulatimide (10) and isogranulatimide (11) were isolated and extracted from marine organisms showing G 2 /M checkpoints inhibiting in the cell cycle. 49 The acquisition of these two marine alkaloids has attracted the attention of researchers, and they are a class of inhibitors with great research value.…”

Section: Anti-tumor Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are many known types of alkaloids, with around 10 000 of them having structural formulas that have not yet been fully determined. 11,12 As there are many types of alkaloids, each of which has a different structural formula, their properties are different from each other. However, the levels of alkaloids contained in living organisms are small, and this is similar in human beings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retracted Article: The synthesis and biological activity of marine alkaloid derivatives and analogues

Zhou

¹

,

Huang

²

2020

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“…The antibacterial activity of AgGom and HiGom was measured using a microtiter broth dilution method 51 . Briefly, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were cultured in Muller Hinton II broth at 37 °C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gomesin inhibits melanoma growth by manipulating key signaling cascades that control cell death and proliferation

Ikonomopoulou

¹

,

Fernández‐Rojo

²

,

Pineda

³

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Consistent with their diverse pharmacology, peptides derived from venomous animals have been developed as drugs to treat disorders as diverse as hypertension, diabetes and chronic pain. Melanoma has a poor prognosis due in part to its metastatic capacity, warranting further development of novel targeted therapies. This prompted us to examine the anti-melanoma activity of the spider peptides gomesin (AgGom) and a gomesin-like homolog (HiGom). AgGom and HiGom dose-dependently reduced the viability and proliferation of melanoma cells whereas it had no deleterious effects on non-transformed neonatal foreskin fibroblasts. Concordantly, gomesin-treated melanoma cells showed a reduced G0/G1 cell population. AgGom and HiGom compromised proliferation of melanoma cells via activation of the p53/p21 cell cycle check-point axis and the Hippo signaling cascade, together with attenuation of the MAP kinase pathway. We show that both gomesin peptides exhibit antitumoral activity in melanoma AVATAR-zebrafish xenograft tumors and that HiGom also reduces tumour progression in a melanoma xenograft mouse model. Taken together, our data highlight the potential of gomesin for development as a novel melanoma-targeted therapy.

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“…Antimicrobial assays. The antibacterial activity of AgGom and HiGom was measured using a microtiter broth dilution method 51 . Briefly, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were cultured in Muller Hinton II broth at 37 °C.…”

Section: Chemical Synthesis Of Gomesin Peptides Gomesin Peptides Fromentioning

confidence: 99%

Gomesin inhibits melanoma growth by manipulating key signaling cascades that control cell death and proliferation

Ikonomopoulou

¹

,

Pineda

²

,

Sainz

³

et al. 2019

Toxicon

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Consistent with their diverse pharmacology, peptides derived from venomous animals have been developed as drugs to treat disorders as diverse as hypertension, diabetes and chronic pain. Melanoma has a poor prognosis due in part to its metastatic capacity, warranting further development of novel targeted therapies. This prompted us to examine the anti-melanoma activity of the spider peptides gomesin (AgGom) and a gomesin-like homolog (HiGom). AgGom and HiGom dose-dependently reduced the viability and proliferation of melanoma cells whereas it had no deleterious effects on nontransformed neonatal foreskin fibroblasts. Concordantly, gomesin-treated melanoma cells showed a reduced G0/G1 cell population. AgGom and HiGom compromised proliferation of melanoma cells via activation of the p53/p21 cell cycle checkpoint axis and the Hippo signaling cascade, together with attenuation of the MAP kinase pathway. We show that both gomesin peptides exhibit antitumoral activity in melanoma AVATAR-zebrafish xenograft tumors and that HiGom also reduces tumour progression in a melanoma xenograft mouse model. Taken together, our data highlight the potential of gomesin for development as a novel melanoma-targeted therapy. Arthropods are the most abundant and widely distributed group of animals on earth. Within this group, spiders are one of the most speciose taxa, with over 47,000 species described to date 1. Over a period of more than 400 million years 2 , spiders have evolved a myriad of venom peptides that are used for prey capture and/or defense against predators, as well as hemocyte-derived host-defense peptides that play a key role in innate immunity 3. According to the ArachnoServer database 4 , more than 40 antimicrobial peptides have been isolated from spider venoms. Despite their sequence diversity, all of these peptides are small (1.9-8.6 kDa) and highly cationic (pI 9.7-11.8). Moreover, in striking contrast with venom-derived peptide neurotoxins, all but four of these antimicrobial peptides are devoid of disulfide bonds. They are typically amphipathic and broadly cytolytic. They appear to be structurally disordered in aqueous solution but adopt an α-helical conformation in the presence of phospholipid membranes 5. From an evolutionary perspective, it is striking that the vast majority of these antimicrobial peptides (39 in total) were isolated from the venoms of araneomorph ("modern") spiders. The three exceptions are disulfide-rich neurotoxic peptides isolated from venom of the Chilean rose tarantula Grammostola

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Synthesis of Essramycin and Comparison of Its Antibacterial Activity

Cited by 30 publications

References 20 publications

Retracted Article: The synthesis and biological activity of marine alkaloid derivatives and analogues

Retracted Article: The synthesis and biological activity of marine alkaloid derivatives and analogues

Gomesin inhibits melanoma growth by manipulating key signaling cascades that control cell death and proliferation

Gomesin inhibits melanoma growth by manipulating key signaling cascades that control cell death and proliferation

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