“…The green emission arises from the inner 4f shell transitions of Tb 31 ions, 27,28 and the red emission originates from the inner 4f shell transitions of corresponding Eu 31 ions incorporated inside the HfO 2 host matrix. 29,30 These RE 31 emissions can be efficiently excited via the fundamental absorption of HfO 2 . 2,4 In the PL spectrum of HfO 2 :Tb nanotubes, the four characteristic peaks centered at 492, 548, 590, and 624 nm can be assigned to the 5 D 4 -7 F 6 , 5 D 4 -7 F 5 , 5 D 4 -7 F 4 , and 5 D 4 -7 F 3 transitions of Tb 31 ions, respectively.…”