“…Using magnetic metal oxides for the removal of heavy metals and dyes offers several advantages such as low cost, ease of synthesis, high adsorption capacity, ease of separation from the treated solution using magnet, and regenerability [25]. Several methods can be employed for preparing magnetic metal oxides such as co-precipitation [26], sol-gel [27], hydrothermal [28,29], spray pyrolysis [30], solid state reaction [31], electrochemical [32], and chemical vapor deposition [33]. The pechini sol-gel method for preparing magnetic metal oxides offers several advantages, such as low crystal size, tailored morphology, low cost, scalability, and high adsorption properties [23,25].…”