Synthesis of FePO4 Precursor for LiFePO4 Battery Cathode from Used Nickel Plated A3 Steel Battery Shell by Hydrometallurgy Processing

Abstract

One of the most well-known material for lithium battery cathode synthesis of lithium ferro-phosphate type is iron phosphate precursor. The precursor is synthesized by the use of leaching method with tartaric acid solution with optimization at various leaching temperature and time. The temperature variables are at 30 ℃, 50 ℃, 70 ℃, and 90 <sup>o</sup>C. The time variables are at 3 hours, 6 hours, and 9 hours. The main material that is used is iron from used nickel plated A3 steel battery shell. The recovered iron concentration and quantity is calculated from absorbance by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). AAS analysis indicates the absorbed Fe is rated at 1,02 % (30 ℃, 2,76 % (50 ℃), 9,93 % (70 ℃), and 34,31 % (90 ℃) during 9 hours of leaching.The analysis indicates the recovered iron is rated the highest during 9 hours of leaching at the highest temperature. X-ray diffraction analysis at various leaching temperature variable indicates formation of iron phosphate crystal to be compared with iron phosphate commercial precursor, while scanning electron microscope analysis shows uniform iron phosphate particle morphology.

Characterization of Femnpo4 Precursors as a Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Lifemnpo4 Batteries With Variation of Ph Coprecipitation

“…In the table, it is known that the element with the largest weight is element O with mass percentage = 52.96 ± 2.77%, then P = 16.14 ± 1.39 % followed by Mn = 16.01 ± 2.62, and finally, Mn = 0.20 ± 0.60 %. the FeMnPO4 pH 4 sample has a ratio of atomic percentages that resembles stoichiometric calculations [10]. 6.…”

“…Elements with the largest mass percentage are O elements = 48.44±3.52%, then Fe elements = 25.83±4.40%, then P elements = 15.09±1.65%, and finally Mn elements = 6.97±2.12%, while the percentage of Mn atoms in the pH 3 sample is not yet according to stoichiometric calculations [10]. When compared according to magnification, it can be seen that precursor powder with pH 4 looks more homogeneous than precursor powder with pH 2 and 3.…”

A layered lithium nickel manganese oxide as environmentally friendly cathode material for secondary batteries

“…Lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA) and lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM) are developed and successfully penetrates the LIB markets [9]. However, as time goes by, the presence of cobalt is still hinder the full commercialization of LIBs and therefore, most researchers focused on full elimination of cobalt in the cathode material [10].…”