Synthesis of Fluorocarbons

Abstract

A PRACTICAL and general synthesis for completely fluorina ted organic compounds was developed; it consists of reaction between cobalt trifluoride and vaporized hydrocarbons or fluorohydrocarbons at elevated temperatures. A number of pure fluorocarbons, ranging from perfluoron-butane to perfluorocetane, were produced and characterized.Certain reaction by-products were identified. Perfluoro-n-heptane was obtained in yields up to 78% from n-heptane, and perfluorodimethylcyclohexane in 88% yields from bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene. Crude yields for these two feed stocks were 91 and 97%, respectively.

Microbubble-mediated ultrasonic techniques for improved chemotherapeutic delivery in cancer

“…Sonovue and Levovist are both lyophilized, dry powder MBs that are reconstituted in saline to enclose sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas and air, respectively, while Definity MBs are non-lyophilized encapsulating octafluoropropane (OFP) gas. OFP gas has a compressibility factor of 0.975, while air has a compressibility factor of 0.999 (Fowler, 1947; Vassernan, 1966). Definity and Sonovue both exhibit a lipid-shelled membrane, while Levovist contains a galactose-based shell (Bracco Diagnostics, 2001; RxMed, 1999; Lantheus Medical Imaging, 2008).…”

Fluorine Compounds, Organic

“…Indirect fluorination of hydrocarbons with cobalt(III) fluoride or silver(II) fluoride is carried out in a steel or nickel tube with stirring. The hydrocarbon vapors are passed at 150-450°C over the fluorinating agent, which is regenerated in a fluorine stream [68,69]. This process is suitable for the production of perfluoroalkanes containing up to 20 carbon atoms.…”

Organic Fluorine Chemistry

“…Fluorination with elemental fluorine gave way to reactions of organic compounds with high-valency metal fluorides, which generally give higher yields. Cobalt trifluoride is now used almost exclusively, having supplanted the more expensive silver difluoride, also capable of the same reactions [86,87]. (32) CoF3…”

“…Diazoacetone and anhydrous hydrogen fluoride give fluoroacetone (157); ethyl diazoacetate and hydrogen fluoride with N-bromosuccinimide give ethyl bromofluoroacetate (158). (86) (157]…”