Synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate catalyzed by K2CO3/MgO

Abstract

A series of M/MgO (M = CaO, KNO 3 , KOH, K 2 CO 3 ) catalysts were prepared by a dry impregnation method and used for synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate. It was found that K 2 CO 3 /MgO was the most efficient catalyst, with a glycerol carbonate yield of approximately 99% under the conditions: DMC/glycerol molar ratio 2.5:1, catalyst/raw material weight ratio 1%, reaction time 2 h, and reaction temperature 80°C. FTIR, BET, TEM, and XRD were used for characterization of the catalyst and showed that the active sites seemed to be K 2 O formed on the K 2 CO 3 /MgO catalyst. Finally, a recycling experiment showed that the catalyst was relatively stable and could be reused up to four times, at least, by regeneration.

KNO3/CaO as cost-effective heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate

“…In the fourth time of reuse, 82 the GL conversion was lower than 24% with the recovered CaO 83 catalyst [9]. A similar phenomenon was also reported by Li and Du 84 [23, 24]. As a result, a time-consuming and troublesome regenera-85 tion step will be needed for reusing the CaO catalyst in this 86 reaction.…”

Transition metal-promoted hierarchical ETS-10 solid base for glycerol transesterification

“…Among them, alkaline earth metal oxides especially CaO and MgO, and hydrotalcites are the most frequently used catalysts, which all prove to be high active. [23][24][25][26] Others such as Mg/Al/Zr mixed oxide, Co 3 O 4 /ZnO, Mg-Ca, Mg-Li, LiNO 3 / Mg 4 AlO 55 , Li/ZnO and ion liquids also have been explored to efficiently transform glycerol into GC. [27][28][29][30][31] Whereas, many of these catalysts are still subjected to poor reusability, long reaction time, high energy consumption and demand for more than one solvents.…”

Synthesis of glycerol 1,2-carbonate by transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate using triethylamine as a facile separable homogeneous catalyst

“…Thus, starting from EC, CaO, Al/Ca or Mg-mixed oxides and Li-hydrotalcite, 8 basic resins and zeolites, 9 and immobilized ionic liquids 10 have been used as catalysts with glycerol conversions of 85-100% and GC 60 selectivities of 84-99%. Typical catalysts from DMC are K 2 CO 3 , 11 CaO, [12][13][14] Ca(OH) 2 and calcium diglyceroxide, 15 K 2 CO 3 /MgO, 16 Mg-Al hydrotalcite in DMF as solvent, 17 KFhydroxyapatite, 18 Mg/Al/Zr mixed oxide 19 , lipases 20 and ionic liquids, 21 with conversions of 95-100% and selectivities of 99%. Finally, MgAl hydrotalcites supported on α-and γ-Al 2 O 3 have been used as catalysts starting from diethyl carbonate in a continuous system (tubular reactor) using dimethyl sulfoxide as solvent, with conversions of 20-100% and selectivities of 60-100% depending on the hydrotalcite type and operating conditions.…”