Synthesis of graphene oxide-wrapped core–shell structured carbon sphere@Al2O3 as electrode material for voltammetric determination of butylated hydroxyanisole in food products

Abstract

Here, we report a graphene oxide-wrapped coreshell structured carbon sphere@Al 2 O 3 composite (CS@Al 2 O 3 @GO) as the electrode material for sensitive determination of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). The coreshell structured CS@Al 2 O 3 was synthesized through a solution-based approach by using glucose and metal salts as precursors via a simple one-pot hydrothermal synthesis. Then, the CS@Al 2 O 3 was amino-functionalized and wrapped by conductive graphene oxide (GO) sheets through the electrostatic interaction. As a result, the CS@Al 2 O 3 @GO endowed the modified electrode fast electron transfer rate and high electrocatalytic activity toward BHA oxidation. Under the optimal conditions, the oxidation current increased linearly with the concentration of BHA in the range of 0.2~200 μM with the detection limit and quantification limit of 41 and 136.7 nM using differential pulse voltammetry. The presented method was also demonstrated for the determination of BHA in food samples with satisfactory results.

Study of Electrochemical Mechanisms Using Computational Simulations: Application to Phenol Butylated Hydroxyanisole

“…We used D = 8.0 × 10 −7 cm 2 /s, which is close to that obtained for BHA experimentally with a bare glassy carbon electrode (7.28 × 10 −7 cm 2 /s). 43 Although the electrodes from the last cite and that from Freitas and Fatibello-Filho 38 are not the same, both are made with carbonaceous materials, and thus, we can safely presume that for bare electrodes there will not be large differences. D will be the same for all species.…”

Amplified electrochemical determination of maltol in food based on graphene oxide-wrapped tin oxide@carbon nanospheres

“…Thus, some attempts have been made to overcome these innate shortcomings, by decorating the SnO2 with thin and intact shells such as carbonaceous materials. We have developed functional carbonaceous materials with conjugative π structure to enhance the electrocatalytic activity of semiconductors [Gan, Shi, Wang, Sun, Lv, & Liu, 2016;Gan, Shi, Hu, Sun, Wang, & Liu, 2015;Huang et al, 2013]. In particular, it has been demonstrated successfully by different groups including ours that growing a layer of carbon on the surface of metal oxides improves their electrochemical properties.…”