Synthesis of hairy acrylic core-shell particles as toughening agents for epoxy networks

Hazot, Pascale; Pichot, Christian; Maazouz, Abderrahim

doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-3935(20000301)201:6<632::aid-macp632>3.0.co;2-d

Cited by 22 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Conventional microsized rubber or thermoplastic particles, which form typically about 1-10 mm particles during curing can produce desired effect on toughening brittle epoxy resins with 10-20 wt% of toughener. Unfortunately, they usually cause deterioration of other desirable properties such as the modulus and glass transition temperature (T g ) [22][23][24]. Comparatively, the rigid particles can improve the toughness and stiffness simultaneously without significant loss in the T g , but they usually provide a relatively mild toughening efficiency in comparison of soft rubber particles [20,[25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties and fracture behaviors of epoxy composites with phase-separation formed liquid rubber and preformed powdered rubber nanoparticles: A comparative study

et al. 2014

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Epoxy composites filled with phase‐separation formed submicron liquid rubber (LR) and preformed nanoscale powdered rubber (PR) particles were prepared at different filler loading levels. The effect of filler loading and type on the rheological properties of liquid epoxy resin suspensions and the thermal and mechanical properties of the cured composites as well as the relative fracture behaviors are systematically investigated. Almost unchanged tensile yield strength of the cured epoxy/PR composites is observed in the tensile test compared with that of the neat epoxy; while the strength of the cured epoxy/LR composites shows a maximum value at ∼4.5 wt% and significantly decreases with increasing LR content. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the cured PR/epoxy has shifted to the higher temperature in the dynamic mechanical thermal analysis compared with that of the cured pure epoxy and epoxy/LR composites. Furthermore, the presence of LR results in highly improved critical stress intensity factor (KIC) of epoxy resin compared with the corresponding PR nanoparticles. In particular, the PR and LR particles at 9.2 wt% loading produce about 69 and 118% improvement in KIC of the epoxy composites, respectively. The fracture surface and damage zone analysis demonstrate that these two types of rubber particles induce different degrees of local plastic deformation of matrix initiated by their debonding/cavitation, which was also quantified and correlated with the fracture toughness of the two epoxy/rubber systems. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:785–799, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties and fracture behaviors of epoxy composites with phase-separation formed liquid rubber and preformed powdered rubber nanoparticles: A comparative study

et al. 2014

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“…Beside well defined molecular structures, also multi‐component systems on the colloidal scale can be made, either polymer‐polymer nanocomposites of very different copolymers or polymer‐inorganic nanocomposites. The latex particles for instance can be appropriately functionalized and brought into a matrix to improve its properties as it was done with hairy core shell latexes as toughening agents for epoxy networks 151. This is however an industrially already well established principle and is not further discussed.…”

Section: Benefits Of Heterophase Polymerization Processes (Hpp) and Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

90 Years of Polymer Latexes and Heterophase Polymerization: More vital than ever

Antonietti

Tauer

2003

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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An attempt is made to give an overview on the historical and possible future development of heterophase polymerization techniques in liquid continuous media to prepare polymer dispersions. Polymer latexes play an essential role in our daily life as they are present visibly or hidden in a variety of products such cosmetics, detergents, newspapers, or paints and lacquers. More than 10 million tons of polymers are produced by heterophase polymerization techniques worldwide yearly. The majority of heterophase polymerizations is carried out in water as continuous phase and hence, they are belong to green chemistry with increasing importance due to environmental reasons. The compartmentalization of the reaction volume into domains of colloidal size (between a few nm3 and μm3) is the characteristic feature and relates both to the problems and the potential promises of this class of polymers. Special emphasis is placed with regard to the development of new heterophase polymerization techniques, the adoption of new polymerization mechanism to the particular conditions of heterophase polymerization, the synthesis of block copolymers and nanoparticulate hybride structures, the development of new stabilizers and polymerization aids, and the usage of specialty latexes as model systems to learn more about complex matter.

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“…Among those, particulate “green” composites have gained much attention as unique properties, by synergetic combination of the diverse components on the molecular scale, can be achieved. − In light of this, the creation and usage of functional particles and particles with core–shell (CS) structure has become an attractive choice as components in advanced materials . Structured CS particles combine the characteristics and properties of the shell and the core, where the surface properties of the shell are translated to the core, imparting new functionality to the final structure, causing a synergistic effect. − Accordingly, CS particles have been extensively used in a number of applications such as surface coatings, catalysis, , drug delivery systems − and more recently as impact modifiers. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward “Green” Hybrid Materials: Core–Shell Particles with Enhanced Impact Energy Absorbing Ability

Arias

Odent

Raquez

et al. 2016

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Restrained properties of “green” degradable products drive the creation of materials with innovative structures and retained eco-attributes. Herein, we introduce the creation of impact modifiers in the form of core–shell (CS) particles toward the creation of “green” composite materials. Particles with CS structure constituted of PLA stereocomplex (PLASC) and a rubbery phase of poly(ε-caprolactone-co-d,l-lactide) (P[CL-co-LA]) were successfully achieved by spray droplet atomization. A synergistic association of the soft P[CL-co-LA] and hard PLASC domains in the core–shell structure induced unique thermo-mechanical effects on the PLA-based composites. The core–shell particles enhanced the crystallization of PLA matrices by acting as nucleating agents. The core–shell particles functioned efficiently as impact modifiers with minimal effect on the composites stiffness and strength. These findings provide a new platform for scalable design of polymeric-based structures to be used in the creation of advanced degradable materials.

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Synthesis of hairy acrylic core-shell particles as toughening agents for epoxy networks

Cited by 22 publications

References 24 publications

Mechanical properties and fracture behaviors of epoxy composites with phase-separation formed liquid rubber and preformed powdered rubber nanoparticles: A comparative study

Mechanical properties and fracture behaviors of epoxy composites with phase-separation formed liquid rubber and preformed powdered rubber nanoparticles: A comparative study

90 Years of Polymer Latexes and Heterophase Polymerization: More vital than ever

Toward “Green” Hybrid Materials: Core–Shell Particles with Enhanced Impact Energy Absorbing Ability

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