Synthesis of heat-resistant polymer matrices via polycyclotrimerization of cyanate esters

Mukhametov, R. R.; Merkulova, Yu. I.; Dolgova, E. V.; Dushin, M. I.

doi:10.1134/s1995421215010104

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Cyanate ester (CE) is a highperformance thermoset with superior thermomechanical properties, very high glass transition temperature (T g ) of above 300 °C, and excellent long-term thermal stability, and it was proven as a structural material in space applications. [17,18] However, CE can only be thermally cured, and therefore cannot be photopolymerized, thus preventing its printability as a homopolymer. [19] Extended bismaleimide (E-BMI) has the advantage of low moisture absorption, low volatile gas release, excellent chemical and corrosion resistance, dimensional stability, and good performance at elevated temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space Durable 3D Printed High‐Performance Polymers Based on Cyanate Ester/Extended‐Bismaleimide

Grossman,

Atar,

Bolker

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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To accomplish the potential of the New‐Space emerging era and facilitate scientific and commercial space exploration, the development of versatile, customized, and affordable space technologies is essential. 3D printing is established as a disruptive technology, enabling the production of complex and lightweight structures with enhanced performance. However, the harsh conditions of the space environment, including atomic oxygen (AO), extreme temperatures, and ionizing radiation, pose significant challenges to the durability and longevity of additive manufacturing‐produced polymers. Until now, there are no additive‐manufacturing polymeric materials that are specifically developed and qualified to withstand space hazards. To address these challenges, novel materials for additive manufacturing, composed of cyanate ester and extended‐bismaleimide are engineered to withstand the extreme conditions in space. The developed materials demonstrate superior thermo‐mechanical properties (flexural stress of 72 MPa and Tg = 260 °C), enhanced durability to AO erosion, ionizing radiation (10 years in orbit), and thermal stability (Td5% = 360 °C). Moreover, it is found that printing orientation governs the AO erosion, thus guiding optimal printing designs for enhanced durability to AO. The materials show improved performance, endurance, and reliability, thus contributing to the development of space‐qualified components and enabling the advancement of additive manufacturing for future space missions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space Durable 3D Printed High‐Performance Polymers Based on Cyanate Ester/Extended‐Bismaleimide

Grossman,

Atar,

Bolker

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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“…The highly cross-linked triazine network formed by a cyclotrimerization reaction of –OCN groups imparts CE with superior dimensional stability, good high temperature functionality, and lower moisture absorption than conventional epoxy and bis-maleimide resins. 3 In addition, a low dielectric constant (approximately 2.8–3.2) and extremely low dielectric loss tangent (approximately 0.002–0.008) make CE highly attractive in electromagnetic applications. 4,5 Despite the advantageous material properties of CE, this material would be subject to oxidation and erosion by atomic oxygen (AO) if it were to be used on the external surfaces of spacecraft in LEO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of hyperthermal atomic oxygen on a cyanate ester and its carbon fiber-reinforced composite

Wang

Qian

Murray

et al. 2018

High Performance Polymers

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The durability of cyanate ester (CE) to hyperthermal atomic oxygen (AO) attack in low Earth orbit may be enhanced by the addition of carbon fiber to form a carbon fiber-reinforced cyanate ester composite (CFCE). To investigate the durability of CFCE relative to CE, samples were exposed to a pulsed hyperthermal AO beam in two distinct types of experiments. In one type of experiment, samples were exposed to the beam, with pre- and post-characterization of mass (microbalance), surface topography (scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), and surface chemistry (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)). In the second type of experiment, the beam was directed at a sample surface, and volatile products that scattered from the surface were detected in situ with the use of a rotatable mass spectrometer detector. CFCE exhibited less mass loss than pure CE with a given AO fluence, confirming that the incorporation of carbon fiber adds AO resistance to CE. Erosion yields of CE and CFCE were 2.63 ± 0.16 × 10−24 and 1.46 ± 0.08 × 10−24 cm3 O-atom−1, respectively. The reduced reactivity of CFCE in comparison to CE was manifested in less oxidation of the CFCE surface in XPS measurements and reduced CO, CO2, and OH reaction products in beam-surface scattering experiments. The surface topographical images collected by SEM implied different surface deterioration processes for CE and CFCE. A change of surface topography with increasing AO fluence for CE indicated a threshold AO fluence, above which the erosion mechanism changed qualitatively. CFCE showed almost intact carbon fibers after relatively low AO fluences, and while the fibers eventually eroded, they did not erode as rapidly as the CE component of the composite.

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Synthesis of heat-resistant polymer matrices via polycyclotrimerization of cyanate esters

Cited by 2 publications

References 8 publications

Space Durable 3D Printed High‐Performance Polymers Based on Cyanate Ester/Extended‐Bismaleimide

Space Durable 3D Printed High‐Performance Polymers Based on Cyanate Ester/Extended‐Bismaleimide

Effects of hyperthermal atomic oxygen on a cyanate ester and its carbon fiber-reinforced composite

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