“…Although the distribution of hydrocarbons was observed in previous works 8 , 19 , this is the first time that the aromatic component, benzene, has been observed as the product of the reaction between calcite and water in the reduced environment. No signs of oxygen-containing hydrocarbons were detected, though, their formation in similar systems was reported in recent works 11 , 21 , probably due to either lower temperatures in this research, or the limits of the analysis technique and/or different reaction components, including capsule material. Figure 1 Representative chromatographic spectra of the experiments with relatively high yields of gaseous hydrocarbons.…”
Section: Introductionsupporting
confidence: 73%
“…The obtained Raman spectra revealed the presence of heavier hydrocarbons in the solid product. Heavy hydrocarbons were observed previously from the system MgCO 3 –Ca(OH) 2 –Fe–SiO 2 after exposure at 3 GPa and 1400 °C for 24 hours 11 . No free carbon (diamond or graphite) was detected.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 69%
“…These thermobaric conditions correspond with the Earth’s asthenosphere conditions. Previous experiments demonstrated that hydrocarbons can be formed from deep rock-fluid interactions under a wide range of temperatures and pressures of 500–1500 °C and 3.0–8.0 GPa 6 , 8 – 11 . The results of these experiments showed that the water-carbonate interaction under reduced mantle conditions is one of the most preferable paths, leading to the deep formation of hydrocarbons 12 .…”
The deep abiogenic synthesis of hydrocarbons is possible under the conditions of the asthenosphere. We have found that this process can also occur under the mineral and thermobaric conditions of subducting slabs. We have investigated the abiogenic synthesis of hydrocarbon systems at pressures of 2.0–6.6 GPa and temperatures of 250–600 °C. The determined lower thermobaric limit of the reaction at 280–300 °C and 2–3 GPa corresponds to a depth of 70–80 km during cold subduction. The hydrocarbon fluid formed in the slab can migrate upwards through the network of faults and fractures to form petroleum deposits.
“…Although the distribution of hydrocarbons was observed in previous works 8 , 19 , this is the first time that the aromatic component, benzene, has been observed as the product of the reaction between calcite and water in the reduced environment. No signs of oxygen-containing hydrocarbons were detected, though, their formation in similar systems was reported in recent works 11 , 21 , probably due to either lower temperatures in this research, or the limits of the analysis technique and/or different reaction components, including capsule material. Figure 1 Representative chromatographic spectra of the experiments with relatively high yields of gaseous hydrocarbons.…”
Section: Introductionsupporting
confidence: 73%
“…The obtained Raman spectra revealed the presence of heavier hydrocarbons in the solid product. Heavy hydrocarbons were observed previously from the system MgCO 3 –Ca(OH) 2 –Fe–SiO 2 after exposure at 3 GPa and 1400 °C for 24 hours 11 . No free carbon (diamond or graphite) was detected.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 69%
“…These thermobaric conditions correspond with the Earth’s asthenosphere conditions. Previous experiments demonstrated that hydrocarbons can be formed from deep rock-fluid interactions under a wide range of temperatures and pressures of 500–1500 °C and 3.0–8.0 GPa 6 , 8 – 11 . The results of these experiments showed that the water-carbonate interaction under reduced mantle conditions is one of the most preferable paths, leading to the deep formation of hydrocarbons 12 .…”
The deep abiogenic synthesis of hydrocarbons is possible under the conditions of the asthenosphere. We have found that this process can also occur under the mineral and thermobaric conditions of subducting slabs. We have investigated the abiogenic synthesis of hydrocarbon systems at pressures of 2.0–6.6 GPa and temperatures of 250–600 °C. The determined lower thermobaric limit of the reaction at 280–300 °C and 2–3 GPa corresponds to a depth of 70–80 km during cold subduction. The hydrocarbon fluid formed in the slab can migrate upwards through the network of faults and fractures to form petroleum deposits.
“…Under these conditions propane is reacting via two simultaneous and competing pathways -(1) the growing of the hydrocarbon chain via condensation or polymerization mechanisms with the formation of higher hydrocarbons and (2) destruction via the cleavage of C-C and C-H bonds with the formation of lighter hydrocarbons and also graphite (or sooty material). Our observations suggest that propane, if subducted in to the mantle, undergoes complex transformations and may be source of more complex organic compounds.The issue of presence of heavy hydrocarbon compounds in the Earth's mantle was thoroughly described and examined in these works 40,41 .…”
this study is devoted to the detailed in situ Raman spectroscopy investigation of propane c 3 H 8 in laserheated diamond anvil cells in the range of pressures from 3 to 22 GPa and temperatures from 900 to 3000 K. We show that propane, while being exposed to particular thermobaric conditions, could react, leading to the formation of hydrocarbons, both saturated and unsaturated as well as soot. Our results suggest that propane could be a precursor of heavy hydrocarbons and will produce more than just sooty material when subjected to extreme conditions. These results could clarify the issue of the presence of heavy hydrocarbons in the earth's upper mantle.Thermal and catalytic transformations of various hydrocarbon compounds at normal pressure have attracted significant attention in the field of petrochemistry. However, high-pressure chemistry of hydrocarbons as a science started to develop only recently, -primarily due to the unavailability of the specific equipment for the experiments. To date, only methane, the first member of the alkane homologous series, has been investigated when subjected to a wide range of pressures and temperatures 1-4 , because of its widespread occurrence in geological systems 5-7 and well-known role in the atmosphere of the Solar System's outer planets 8,9 . The behavior of other hydrocarbons, both unsaturated 10,11 and saturated 12,13 , have been less widely investigated with the use of various high-pressure techniques.The focus on the significance of methane's high-pressure high-temperature behavior implies that the fate of higher hydrocarbons has been ignored. Though the high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) behavior of ethane has been investigated several times 12,14 , propane has only been studied at ambient temperatures 15,16 . Propane is the third most abundant hydrocarbon on Earth after methane and ethane. It has been detected in the atmosphere of outer planets 17 and their satellites 18 , and is a typical product of HPHT hydrocarbon synthesis performed both for chemical and geological purposes 19,20 .The relevance of the investigation of carbon-bearing compounds can be understood from the perspective of the growing evidence of the role of hydrocarbon compounds deep in the Earth's interior, which could contribute to the global carbon cycle 21,22 . Unfortunately, even for methane, investigations into its behavior under conditions of high pressure have yielded inconclusive and mutually conflicting results.Propane's importance as a petrochemical feedstock led to detailed studies of its thermal transformations in the range of 500-900 °C in processes such as pyrolysis and thermal cracking [23][24][25] . By changing the basic conditions of the process, the content of hydrocarbon compounds complex systems could be varied from higher normal and isoalkanes, dienes, arenes, and alkenes to C 1 -C 3 fractions. These thermal processes were only investigated in the diapason under relatively mild pressures because of the process goal-low pressures are favorable for the synthesis of low-molecul...
“…This is the second event of registering heavy hydrocarbons (HHCs) in the experiments under high P and T values. Formerly, the HHCs were synthesized under the decomposition of magnesium carbonate in the presence of water [14]. The HHC synthesis con firms their thermodynamic stability under high pres sure [6,7].…”
This report presents the results of experimental studies of the fluid phase in the Fe-C-S system at high P and T values (5.3 GPa and 1300°C) conforming to diamond synthesis. The samples for experiments were mounted on air; therefore, the volatile compounds detected after the experiments are characterized by a wide variety and complicated composition involving both inorganic and organic components. Among the inorganic compounds, CO 2 , H 2 O, N 2 , SO 2 , CS 2 , and COS were detected. The GC/MS analysis revealed hydrocarbons (paraffins, olefins, and arenes), including high molecular compounds. The formation of heavy hydrocarbons confirms their thermodynamic stability under high pressure. Oxygenated hydrocarbons (alco hols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and ethers) were also detected.
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