Synthesis of heavy nuclei using damped collisions: A test

Loveland, W.; Vinodkumar, A. M.; Peterson, D.; Greene, J. P.

doi:10.1103/physrevc.83.044610

Cited by 52 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…One of such combination, 160 Gd(Z = 64, N = 96) + 186 W(Z = 74, N = 112), was proposed in Ref. [110] and studied experimentally [111]. In this system one neutron closed shell (N = 82) is located to the "left" of the projectile whereas the other (N = 126) to the "right" of the target on the mass axis.…”

Section: Formation Of Superheavy Nuclei In Multinucleon Transfer Reacmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Cross sections for the production of superheavy nuclei

2015

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Section: Formation Of Superheavy Nuclei In Multinucleon Transfer Reacmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Predicted[110] and observed[111] mass distributions of reaction fragments formed in collisions of 160 Gd with 186 W at E c.m. = 460 MeV.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Cross sections for the production of superheavy nuclei

2015

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“…However, the role of the shell effects in damped collisions of heavy nuclei is still not absolutely clear and was not carefully studied experimentally. Very optimistic experimental results were obtained recently [29] confirming such effects in the surrogate 160 Gd+ 186 W reaction, for which the similar "inverse quasi-fission" process ( 160 Gd→ 138 Ba while 186 W→ 208 Pb) was also predicted [28].…”

Section: Transfer Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Synthesis of Superheavy Nuclei: Nearest and Distant Opportunities

Zagrebaev¹,

Карпов²,

Greiner³

2014

Acta Phys. Pol. B

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There are only 3 methods for the production of heavy and superheavy (SH) nuclei, namely, a sequence of neutron capture and beta(−) decay, fusion reactions, and multinucleon transfer reactions. A macroscopic amount of the long-living SH nuclei located at the island of stability may be produced by using the pulsed nuclear reactors of the next generation only if the neutron fluence per pulse will be increased by about three orders of magnitude. Low values of the fusion cross sections and very short half-lives of nuclei with Z > 120 also put obstacles in synthesis of new elements. At the same time, an important area of SH isotopes located between those produced in the cold and hot fusion reactions remains unstudied yet. This gap could be filled in fusion reactions of 48 Ca with available lighter isotopes of Pu, Am, and Cm. New neutron-enriched isotopes of SH elements may be produced with the use of a 48 Ca beam if a 250 Cm target would be prepared. In this case, we get a real chance to reach the island of stability owing to a possible beta(+) decay of 291 114 and 287 112 nuclei formed in this reaction with a cross section of about 0.8 pb. Multinucleon transfer processes look quite promising for the production and study of neutron-rich heavy nuclei located in the upper part of the nuclear map not reachable by other reaction mechanisms. Reactions with actinide beams and targets are of special interest for synthesis of new neutron-enriched transfermium nuclei and not-yet-known nuclei with closed neutron shell N = 126 having the largest impact on the astrophysical r-process. The estimated cross sections for the production of these nuclei allows one to plan such experiments at currently available accelerators.

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“…The role of these shell effects in damped collisions of heavy nuclei is still not absolutely clear and was not carefully studied experimentally. However very optimistic experimental results were obtained recently [11] confirming such effects in the 160 Gd + 186 W reaction for which the similar "inverse quasi-fission" process ( 160 Gd→ 138 Ba while 186 W→ 208 Pb) has been predicted earlier [12].…”

Section: Multi-nucleon Transfer Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 92%

New prospects in synthesis and study of neutron rich heavy nuclei

Zagrebaev

Карпов

Mishustin

et al. 2011

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Abstract. The present limits of the upper part of the nuclear map are rather close to the beta stability line while the unexplored area of heavy neutron rich nuclides (also those located along the neutron closed shell N = 126 to the right hand side of the stability line) is extremely important for nuclear astrophysics investigations and, in particular, for the understanding of the r-process of astrophysical nucleogenesis. For elements with Z > 100 only neutron deficient isotopes (located to the left of the stability line) have been synthesized so far. The "north-east" area of the nuclear map can be reached neither in fusion-fission reactions nor in fragmentation processes widely used nowadays for the production of new nuclei. Multi-nucleon transfer processes in near barrier collisions of heavy ions seem to be the only reaction mechanism allowing us to produce and explore neutron rich heavy nuclei including those located at the superheavy island of stability. Neutron capture process can be also considered as an alternative method for the production of long-lived neutron rich superheavy nuclei. Strong neutron fluxes might be provided by nuclear reactors and nuclear explosions in laboratory frame and by supernova explosions in nature. MotivationDue to the bending of the stability line forward to neutron axis, in fusion reactions of stable nuclei one may produce only proton rich isotopes of heavy elements. For example, in fusion of rather neutron rich 18 O and 186 W isotopes we obtain the neutron deficient excited compound nucleus 204 Pb, which after evaporation of several neutrons shifts even more to the proton rich side. That is the main reason for the impossibility to reach the center of the "island of stability" (Z ∼ 110 ÷ 120 and N ∼ 184) in the superheavy (SH) mass region in fusion reactions with stable projectiles. Note that for elements with Z > 100 only neutron deficient isotopes (located to the left of the stability line) have been synthesized so far. Because of that we also have almost no information about neutron rich isotopes of heavy elements located in the whole "north-east" part of the nuclear map: for example, there are 19 known neutron rich isotopes of cesium (Z = 55) and only 4 of platinum (Z = 78).At the same time this unexplored area of heavy neutron rich nuclei is extremely important for nuclear astrophysics investigations and, in particular, for the understanding of the r-process of astrophysical nucleogenesis (a sequence of neutron-capture and β-decay processes). The origin of heavy elements from iron to uranium remains one of the great unanswered questions of modern physics and it is likely to remain a hot research topic for the years to come. The r-process path is located (and probably interrupted by fission) just in the region of unknown heavy nuclei with a large neutron excess (see Fig. 1). a e-mail: zagrebaev@jinr.ru The neutron shell N = 126 (and Z ∼ 70) is the last "waiting point" on this path. The half-lives and other characteristics of these nuclei are extremely important for the r...

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Synthesis of heavy nuclei using damped collisions: A test

Cited by 52 publications

References 58 publications

Cross sections for the production of superheavy nuclei

Cross sections for the production of superheavy nuclei

Synthesis of Superheavy Nuclei: Nearest and Distant Opportunities

New prospects in synthesis and study of neutron rich heavy nuclei

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