Synthesis of hemoglobins in rice (Oryza sativa var. Jackson) plants growing in normal and stress conditions

Cloning and expression analysis of hemoglobin genes from maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) and teosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis)

“…However, apparently the regulation of hb genes is different in maize and teosinte seeds suggesting that Hbm and Hbt play different roles in the plant embryonic organs. Taylor et al [10] and Lira-Ruan et al [29] detected Hbs in germinating seeds from barley and rice, respectively, and it was postulated that Hbs play a role in germination, i.e. by providing O to sustain an active metabolism.…”

“…In maize embryonic organs hb genes express and transcripts are translated at considerable levels of Hbm protein; in contrast, in teosinte embryonic organs apparently hb genes are shut down as no Hbt transcripts and proteins were detected. These results were surprising given the relatedness of teosinte to maize, and the existence of Hbs in seeds of other cereals [10,29]. However, it is still possible that Hbt could be below detection limits, or that hbt gene has a different type of regulation.…”

Non-symbiotic hemoglobin and its relation with hypoxic stress

“…It has been reported that nsHb1 genes are induced by osmotic stress and high salinity (Taylor et al, 1994;Trevaskis et al, 1997;Lira-Ruan et al, 2001;Zhao et al, 2008;Almada et al, 2013), by treatments with nitrate, nitrite, nitric oxide, salicylic acid, methyl jasmonic acid, and H 2 O 2 (Wang et al, 2000;Sakamoto et al, 2004;Ohwaki et al, 2005;Qu et al, 2006;Sasakura et al, 2006), as well as by deficiencies in minerals such as P, K, and Fe (Wang et al, 2003). ZmHb mRNA levels in maize seedlings are induced by high-salt and osmotic stresses in addition to hypoxic stress (Zhao et al, 2008).…”

The Role of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in Bioenergetics, Metabolism, and Signaling During Seed Germination

“…Since the initial discovery of nonsymbiotic hemoglobins in the roots of non-nodulating plant species (Bogusz et al 1988) and seeds of monocot species (Taylor et al 1994), it has become evident that class 1 nonsymbiotic hemoglobin is involved in both monocot and dicot seed germination events (Taylor et al 1994;Nie and Hill 1997;Duff et al 1998;Hunt et al 2001;Ross et al 2001;Lira-Ruan et al 2001). Class 1 hemoglobin mRNA is absent from dry barley seeds, but becomes detectable within 2 h of imbibition and is detectable in embryo, aleurone, roots, and coleoptile (Andersson et al 1996;Duff et al 1998;Ross et al 2001;Guy et al 2002).…”