Synthesis of high carbon content microspheres using 2-step microwave carbonization, and the influence of nitrogen doping on catalytic activity

Jung, Alum; Han, Seung-Jin; Kim, Teawon; Cho, Won Joon; Lee, Kun‐Hong

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2013.04.042

Cited by 31 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…For the activation of carbon materials, for example, the synthesis time was reduced by approximately 90% compared to conventional heating and the synthesis time for xerogels could be reduced from several days to just 5 h . A similar acceleration of synthesis procedures was observed for the hydrothermal preparation of carbon microspheres, as well as for the acid‐reflux purification of CNTs, where, additionally, the risk for introducing defects into the sidewalls was reduced when microwave heating was applied …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Jung et al prepared nitrogen‐doped carbon microspheres with a uniform size distribution by microwave hydrothermal carbonization of glucose solutions with the addition of urea. The synthesis was carried out within 15 min, much faster than conventional hydrothermal carbonization processes, which usually take 1 to 24 h. Non‐agglomerated powder with a carbon content of 50% was obtained.…”

Section: Preparation Of Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, when urea was added, the spherical shape of the particles was degraded. Larger spheres with a rougher surface formed due to the high pH value of the solution …”

Section: Preparation Of Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and Modification of Carbon Nanomaterials utilizing Microwave Heating

2015

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Microwave-assisted synthesis and processing represents a growing field in materials research and successfully entered the field of carbon nanomaterials during the last decade. Due to the strong interaction of carbon materials with microwave radiation, fast heating rates and localized heating can be achieved. These features enable the acceleration of reaction processes, as well as the formation of nanostructures with special morphologies. A comprehensive overview is provided here on the possibilities and achievements in the field of carbon-nanomaterial research when using microwave-based heating approaches. This includes the synthesis and processing of carbon nanotubes and fibers, graphene materials, carbon nanoparticles, and capsules, as well as porous carbon materials. Additionally, the principles of microwave-heating, in particular of carbon materials, are introduced and important issues, i.e., safety and reproducibility, are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Preparation Of Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and Modification of Carbon Nanomaterials utilizing Microwave Heating

2015

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“…In this context, the microwave-assisted HTC is an alternative way that saves even more time and energy. For example, spherical carbon particles with a carbon content > 90% were prepared by processing glucose only during 15 min by microwave-assisted HTC [63].…”

Section: Carbon Structures Derived From Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Carbon Nanostructures for Functional Composite Materials

Barra

Nunes

Ruiz‐Hitzky

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Carbon nanostructures are widely used as fillers to tailor the mechanical, thermal, barrier, and electrical properties of polymeric matrices employed for a wide range of applications. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO), a carbon nanostructure from the graphene derivatives family, has been incorporated in composite materials due to its remarkable electrical conductivity, mechanical strength capacity, and low cost. Graphene oxide (GO) is typically synthesized by the improved Hummers’ method and then chemically reduced to obtain rGO. However, the chemical reduction commonly uses toxic reducing agents, such as hydrazine, being environmentally unfriendly and limiting the final application of composites. Therefore, green chemical reducing agents and synthesis methods of carbon nanostructures should be employed. This paper reviews the state of the art regarding the green chemical reduction of graphene oxide reported in the last 3 years. Moreover, alternative graphitic nanostructures, such as carbons derived from biomass and carbon nanostructures supported on clays, are pointed as eco-friendly and sustainable carbonaceous additives to engineering polymer properties in composites. Finally, the application of these carbon nanostructures in polymer composites is briefly overviewed.

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“…22 In this context, biomass emerged as a class of ideal starting materials for the green synthesis of carbon materials, once it is earth-abundant, readily available, cheap and environmental friendly. 3,23 The hydrothermal carbonization of biomass, via dehydration reactions in aqueous medium under mild conditions, 24 allows its conversion into valuable materials with ne tuning chemical structure and morphology. 21 The use of hydrothermal carbonization followed by activation was recently evaluated, 25 allowing to prepare superactivated carbons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%