Synthesis of high-surface-area ruthenium oxide aerogels by non-alkoxide sol–gel route

A comparison study of the capacitive behavior for sol–gel-derived and co-annealed ruthenium–tin oxide composites

“…The above variation in the mean particle size of oxides implies that the nucleation/growth rate of RuO 2 ·xH 2 O from the precursor solutions is changed by introducing Sn ions, presumably due to different solvating rates of Ru and Sn precursors. The specific surface areas and pore structures of oxide powders were determined by means of the BET (nitrogen sorption) analysis since both have been found to be important factors influencing the capacitive performances [32,34]. The pore properties of RuO 2 ·xH 2 O, SnO 2 ·xH 2 O, Ru 0.8 Sn 0.2 O 2 ·xH 2 O and RTOC co -200-2 with 80 wt% RuO 2 are shown in Table 1.…”

Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of hydrous ruthenium oxides with PTFE and their supercapacitor performances

“…For this, various methods have been utilized for the preparation of ruthenium oxide electrodes such as: electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) [4,5], synthesis of ruthenium oxide aerogels [6], RF magnetron sputtering [7], electrodeposition [8,9], and thermal decomposition of ethanol precursors [10].…”

A general epoxide-assisted sol–gel route for the synthesis of metal oxide–silica composites and silicates ultrafine particles

“…(1), the epoxide consumes protons from the aqua complexes [M(H 2 O) x ] n+ , which promotes the hydrolysis and condensation of the complexes resulting in the formation of a gel. This method has been proven successful for the preparation of metal oxides [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23].…”