Synthesis of higher alcohols from syngas - recently patented catalysts and tentative ideas on the mechanism

Copper-cobalt oxides thin films had been successfully coated on reflective aluminium substrates via a facile sol-gel dip-coating method for solar absorptance study. The optimum absorptance in the range of solar radiation is needed for further optimum design of this material for selective solar absorber application. Field emission scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the surface morphology of the coating whereby nano-size, grain-like morphology was observed.Synchrotron with dip-speed 120 mm/min (four cycles). The operational simplicity of the dip-coating system indicated that it could be extended for coating of other mixed metal oxides as well.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Many studies have been conducted to characterize the various properties of copper-cobalt oxides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar absorptance of copper–cobalt oxide thin film coatings with nano-size, grain-like morphology: Optimization and synchrotron radiation XPS studies

Amri

Duan

Yin

et al. 2013

Applied Surface Science

182

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“…Other C 2 oxygenates (i.e., acetaldehyde and acetic acid) as well as increased levels of methane production are also synthesized over Rh-based catalysts . The high cost and limited availability of rhodium for ethanol synthesis catalysts will impact any commercialization of these synthetic processes for converting syngas to ethanol (Xiaoding et al 1987).…”

Section: Nco + 2nh 2 → C N H 2n+1 Oh + (N-1)h 2 O (∆H R = -612 Kcal/mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lurgi developed the Octamix process in collaboration with Süd Chemie, who provided the catalyst for the process. The Octamix catalyst contained 25-40 wt% CuO, 10-18 wt% Al 2 O 3 , 30-45 wt% ZnO, and 1.7-2.5 wt% K 2 O with a Cu:Zn ratio of 0.4-1.9 with 3-18 wt% of a variety of oxidic promoters (Cr, Ce, La, Mn, or Th) (Xiaoding et al 1987). With a starting gas composition of 25-30% CO, 0-8% N 2 , 0-5% CO 2 , 0-5% CH 4 , in a balance of H 2 ; CO conversions were between 21-29% with 29-45% selectivity for C 2+ alcohols and 17-25% CO 2 selectivity at process conditions of 250-400°C, 10 MPa, and a gas hourly space velocity of 1000-10,000/h (Xiaoding et al 1987).…”

Section: Modified Low Pressure/low Temperature Methanol Synthesis Catmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reaction stoichiometry suggests that the optimum CO/H 2 = 2, however, the simultaneous occurrence of the WGS reaction means that the optimum ratio is closer to 1. The major reactions in HAS are: methanol synthesis, FT reactions, higher alcohol synthesis reactions, and the water-gas shift (WGS) reaction (Xiaoding et al 1987). The following is a list of some of these more important reactions described above that are associated with HAS.…”

Section: Nco + 2nh 2 → C N H 2n+1 Oh + (N-1)h 2 O (∆H R = -612 Kcal/mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preliminary screening: Technical and economic assessment of synthesis gas to fuels and chemicals with emphasis on the potential for biomass-derived syngas

2003

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Executive Summary/ConclusionsIn principle, syngas (primarily consisting of CO and H 2 ) can be produced from any hydrocarbon feedstock, including: natural gas, naphtha, residual oil, petroleum coke, coal, and biomass. The lowest cost routes for syngas production, however, are based on natural gas, the cheapest option being remote or stranded reserves. Economic considerations dictate that the current production of liquid fuels from syngas translates into the use of natural gas as the hydrocarbon source. Nevertheless, the syngas production operation in a gas-to-liquids plant amounts to greater than half of the capital cost of the plant. The choice of technology for syngas production also depends on the scale of the synthesis operation. Syngas production from solid fuels can require an even greater capital investment with the addition of feedstock handling and more complex syngas purification operations. The greatest impact on improving the economics of gasto liquids plants is through 1) decreasing capital costs associated with syngas production and 2) improving the thermal efficiency with better heat integration and utilization. Improved thermal efficiency can be obtained by combining the gas-to-liquids plant with a power generation plant to take advantage of the availability of low-pressure steam.

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“…It is known that Co species are the center for CO dissociation, hydrogenation and chain propagation to form surface alkyl species, while Cu species are the site for molecularly absorbed CO insertion and alcohol formation. 9,10 The synergistic effect and the surface distribution of the two active components have significant influence on the catalytic performance for the synthesis of alcohols. 11,12 It has been demonstrated that the porous structure of the support may efficiently control metal dispersion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotube-Supported Copper-Cobalt Catalyst for the Production of Higher Carbon Number Alcohols through Carbon Monoxide Hydrogenation

Wang

Zhuang

et al. 2017

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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A series of carbon nanotube (CNTs)-supported copper-cobalt catalysts were prepared and investigated in a slurry reactor for their ability to selectively convert syngas into higher carbon number alcohols. The 7.5Cu7.5Co/CNTs catalyst achieved superior selectivity towards the formation of ethanol (30.1%) and C 2+ alcohols (57.7%), while the 10Co5Cu/CNTs catalyst exhibited the largest alcohol space-time yield (372.9 mg g cat -1 h -1). However, the pure Cu (15Cu/CNTs) catalyst displayed negligible activity. Cobalt reduction was enhanced in the presence of copper. In addition to the Cu 0 -Co 0 center, Co 0 -Co 2+ also presented dual active sites for higher alcohols synthesis, the Co 2+ site could terminate carbon chain growth to produce alcohols. The ratio of Cu/Co considerably influences the metal particle properties-synergistically effecting the active species.

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Synthesis of higher alcohols from syngas - recently patented catalysts and tentative ideas on the mechanism

Cited by 266 publications

References 25 publications

Solar absorptance of copper–cobalt oxide thin film coatings with nano-size, grain-like morphology: Optimization and synchrotron radiation XPS studies

Solar absorptance of copper–cobalt oxide thin film coatings with nano-size, grain-like morphology: Optimization and synchrotron radiation XPS studies

Preliminary screening: Technical and economic assessment of synthesis gas to fuels and chemicals with emphasis on the potential for biomass-derived syngas

Carbon Nanotube-Supported Copper-Cobalt Catalyst for the Production of Higher Carbon Number Alcohols through Carbon Monoxide Hydrogenation

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