Synthesis of highly exfoliated PS/Na+-MMT nanocomposites by suspension polymerization using Na+-MMT clay platelets as suspension stabilizer

Sain, Sunanda; Khatua, Bhanu Bhusan

doi:10.1007/s13233-011-0103-x

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Highly exfoliated polystyrene‐Na + ‐montmorillonite nanocomposites have been prepared using Na + ‐MMT clay platelets as stabilizer during suspension polymerization of styrene monomer . Cationic radical initiator‐MMT hybrid based on 2,2'‐azobis[2‐methyl‐N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)propionamide] was used by Uthirakumar et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Highly exfoliated polystyrene-Na 1 -montmorillonite nanocomposites have been prepared using Na 1 -MMT clay platelets as stabilizer during suspension polymerization of styrene monomer. 17 Cationic radical initiator-MMT hybrid based on 2,2'-azobis[2-methyl-N-(2hydroxyethyl)propionamide] was used by Uthirakumar et al which enables efficient intra-gallery polymerization of polystyrene leading to exfoliated PS-MMT clay nanocomposites. 19 The use of reactive surfactants was also investigated for the preparation of polymer2clay nanocomposite systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synergistic effect of organoclay fillers based on fluorinated surfmers for preparation of polystyrene nanocomposites

Benbayer

Besbes

Givenchy

et al. 2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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International audienceNovel fluorinated reactive surfactants were used for the organic modification of monmorillonite clays. These organoclays were used for the preparation of polystyrene−clay nanocomposites by in-situ free radical polymerization. Reference systems based on hydrocarbon homologous surfmer and nonpolymerizable surfactants were also used to deduce the effect of the fluorine moiety and the polymerizable function on the morphology and thermal stability of the prepared nanocomposites. Different structural parameters of the surfactants were investigated and modulated for the clay modification including: the nature of surfactant (surfmer/classical surfactant, fluorinated, or hydrocarbonated), the length of the fluorinated chain as well as the length of the hydrocarbon spacers linking the ammonium head to the fluorine chain or the polymerizable acrylic function. Wide angle-X-ray scattering (WAXD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and electronic microcopies (TEM and SEM) were used to establish a structure-morphology, thermal properties relationships, and to highlight the key parameters governing the exfoliation process

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic effect of organoclay fillers based on fluorinated surfmers for preparation of polystyrene nanocomposites

Benbayer

Besbes

Givenchy

et al. 2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The selection of the modifier is based on the desired property of the final nanocomposites. Generally, there are three methods available for the preparation of polymer/clay nanocomposites: (a) in situ polymerization of the monomers in the presence of clay , (b) melt processing , and (c) solution casting .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optically transparent polycarbonate/clay nanocomposites with improved performance using phosphonium modified organoclay: Preparation and characterizations

et al. 2014

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The present work focuses on the morphology and properties of polycarbonate (PC)/clay nanocomposites prepared through melt blending and solution blending at two different loadings of organoclay (0.5 and 1 phr). The oraganoclay was prepared by incorporating thermally 2-oxopropyl triphenyl phosphonium ion (OTPP) into the clay gallery with an intention to preserve the optical transparency of PC in the PC/clay nanocomposites. An increase in gallery height from 1.24 to 1.86 nm along with the extraordinary thermal stability (1.34% wt loss at 280 C, after 20 min) of the OTPP modified montmorillonite (OTPP-MMT) made it suitable for retention of optical transparency of PC and delamination of the clay platelets in the nanocomposites. The morphological analysis revealed that the clay platelets were randomly dispersed into the PC matrix. An increase in glass transition temperature (T g ) as well as thermal stability of the PC in the nanocomposites was evident from thermal analysis. The strength and modulus of PC increased extensively with increase in OTPP-MMT loading in the nanocomposites. The nanocomposites were found to retain optical transparency of PC without generation of any color in both the blending technique. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:199-212, 2016.

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“…This compatibilization enhances the silicate's interaction with the polymer by enlarging the interlayer, and the compatibilized clay is known as an organoclay. [6][7][8][9] Although complete compatibility between the long aliphatic chain of the organic modifier and the polymer matrix may be desirable for better dispersion of the clay, it appears that the modification of the clay by the introduction of surfactants to obtain better compatibility is less important than the modification of the polymer matrix by the introduction of polar groups. Polymers containing polar groups capable of associative interactions, such as Lewis acid/base interactions or hydrogen bonding, lead to intercalation of polymer chains in the silicate layers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exfoliated syndiotactic polystyrene-graft-poly(methyl methacrylate)/montmorillonite nanocomposite prepared by solvent blending

Jaymand

2011

Polym J

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This study aims to explore an effective route for the graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer onto syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) using free-radical polymerization, and the effects of an organophilic montmorillonite on the final properties of graft copolymer samples. For this purpose, the chlorine groups of a-phenyl-chloro-acetylated sPS were converted to 9-decen-1-oxy groups by a substitution nucleophilic reaction in the presence of a solvent composed of 9-decen-1-ol moiety, sodium hydride (NaH) and dry N,N-dimethylformamide. The vinyl-terminated sPS multicenter macromonomer (VsPSM) obtained was used in free-radical copolymerization with MMA monomer in a heterogeneous process to yield a graft copolymer (sPS-graftpoly(methyl methacrylate) (sPS-g-PMMA)). The structure of VsPSM and sPS-g-PMMA were determined by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thereafter, organophilic MMT was obtained after being treated with hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride salt by an ion-exchange process. Finally, the sPS-g-PMMA/MMT nanocomposite was prepared by a solution intercalation method. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were used to confirm nanocomposite formation. It was found that the addition of only a small amount of organoclay (3 wt%) was enough to improve the thermal stabilities and properties of the nanocomposite. Polymer Journal (2011) 43, 901-908; doi:10.1038/pj.2011.79; published online 7 September 2011Keywords: free-radical polymerization; graft copolymer; macromonomer; montmorillonite; nanocomposite; poly(methyl methacrylate); syndiotactic polystyrene INTRODUCTION Nanocomposites are defined as materials in which the particle size of the dispersed phase is in the nanometer range in at least one dimension. Organic-inorganic hybrids based on layered inorganic compounds, such as clays and organic polymers, have been studied because of their exceptional properties, such as increased modulus, strength, reduced gas permeability and enhanced thermal stability. [1][2][3][4][5] The dispersion of the silicate layers in the polymer matrix is improved by replacing the metal cations in the clay (such as sodium MMT; Na + -MMT) with ions bearing an aliphatic chain to compatibilize the silicate. This compatibilization enhances the silicate's interaction with the polymer by enlarging the interlayer, and the compatibilized clay is known as an organoclay. [6][7][8][9] Although complete compatibility between the long aliphatic chain of the organic modifier and the polymer matrix may be desirable for better dispersion of the clay, it appears that the modification of the clay by the introduction of surfactants to obtain better compatibility is less important than the modification of the polymer matrix by the introduction of polar groups. Polymers containing polar groups capable of associative interactions, such as Lewis acid/base interactions or hydrogen bonding, lead to intercalation of polymer chains in the silicate layers. To improve the polarizability or hy...

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Synthesis of highly exfoliated PS/Na+-MMT nanocomposites by suspension polymerization using Na+-MMT clay platelets as suspension stabilizer

Cited by 16 publications

References 33 publications

Synergistic effect of organoclay fillers based on fluorinated surfmers for preparation of polystyrene nanocomposites

Synergistic effect of organoclay fillers based on fluorinated surfmers for preparation of polystyrene nanocomposites

Optically transparent polycarbonate/clay nanocomposites with improved performance using phosphonium modified organoclay: Preparation and characterizations

Exfoliated syndiotactic polystyrene-graft-poly(methyl methacrylate)/montmorillonite nanocomposite prepared by solvent blending

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