The development of selective and sensitive sensors to detect heavy transition-metal ions in an aqueous environment is of great interest due to these ions' significant effects on the ecosystem and human health.1 In this regard, there has been research performed using semiconductor nanocrystals as fluorescence sensors for the detection of heavy transition-metal ions such as cadmium and mercury in water. 2,3 However, the most commonly used CdS and CdSe nanocrystals contain environmentally hazardous components. Therefore, development of a nanocrystal having no biological toxicity and high colloidal stability in water is needed for such applications. Previously, we have reported the synthesis and surface characterization of the water-dispersible mercaptoacetic acid (MAA)-capped ZnS:Mn nanocrystal. 4 In addition, more recently, significantly low biological toxicity and high colloidal stability of the ZnS:Mn-MAA nanocrystal (NC) have also been demonstrated. 5 In this article, we describe a novel application of the ZnS:Mn-MAA NC as a selective and convenient fluorescence sensor material to detect Zn 2+ and Cd 2+ ions in aqueous solution. The experimental details regarding the preparation and characterization of the obtained ZnS:Mn-MAA NC products are provided in Supporting Information.To study the surface-related properties of the ZnS:Mn-MAA NC, we measured the surface charge of the nanocrystal using an electrophoretic method. 6 The obtained zeta potential of the ZnS:Mn-MAA NC at ambient temperature was −22.38 mV, which was directly related to the pH condition of the nanocrystal preparation (pH = 10). The negatively charged nanocrystal surfaces were presumed to be suitable for further coordination by positively charged transition-metal ions such as Mn, and Cd
2+. As a result, fast luminescence quenching was observed by the addition of the aqueous solution containing most divalent transition-metal ions to that of ZnS:Mn-MAA NC, except for Zn 2+ and Cd
2+ions, as shown in Figure 1. Additionally, Figure 2(a) and (b) presents the photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra before and after addition of metal ions to the ZnS:Mn-MAA NC-containing solution, respectively. As can be seen in these spectra, the strong emission peaks from the ZnS:Mn-MAA NC remained only when Zn 2+ and Cd 2+ ions were added, while other metals caused almost complete fluorescence quenching. This unique result led us to preliminarily conclude that the ZnS:Mn-MAA NCs can be used as a selective metal ion photosensor for these two metal ions in water. The sensing limit of the concentration of the added molar concentration of the metal ions ([M]) was 2.50 μM over 1.0 mg/L of the ZnS: Mn-MAA NCs. There have been similar attempts to use the surface-modified ZnS:Mn NCs with other ligands for the detection of heavy transition-metal ions in aqueous solutions. 7,8 However, their fluorescence quenching effects were totally different from that of the ZnS:Mn-MAA NC.The most plausible explanation for our results is that the added metal ions were coordinated by the MAA l...