Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite Containing Different Ions and Control of Their Surface Layers

Abstract

In this review, the current status and issues of bone defect sites in our body were explained based on the examples of the conventional hydroxyapatite (HA), and the necessity of regenerative functions in addition to bone defect sites for the biomedical applications was proposed. The characteristics and properties of HA substituted with the heterogeneous ions such as silicate, carbonate and other elemental ions were explained. For the effective control of the biomedical function, the characteristics and possibilities of the surface layer formed on HA and its components, the hydrated layer and the non-HA layer were proposed, and their relationship for improving the biocompatibility was highlighted.