Synthesis of<i>β</i>‐Carotene and Other Important Carotenoids with Bacteria

Albermann, Christoph; Beuttler, Holger

doi:10.1002/9783527681754.ch9

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 157 publications

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“…Homocarotenoids (decaprenoxanthin) are exclusively synthesized by some bacterial organisms where isoprene is introduced into the C 40 backbone (formed by more than eight units). , …”

Section: Sources Of Carotenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A central intermediate geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) is then synthesized, catalyzed by prenyl transferase ( CrtE ). A 40-carbon phytoene is formed due to condensation of two GGPPs by phytoene synthase ( CrtB ). − , …”

Section: Sources Of Carotenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Homocarotenoids (decaprenoxanthin) are exclusively synthesized by some bacterial organisms where isoprene is introduced into the C 40 backbone (formed by more than eight units). 148,149 Secocarotenoids are formed based on a triterpenoid, rather than the normal tetraterpenoid backbone due to fission reaction. 31 Maoka et al 150 extracted three secocarotenoids from seeds of Pittosporum tobira.…”

Section: Journal Of Agricultural and Food Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A central intermediate geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) is then synthesized, catalyzed by prenyl transferase (CrtE). A 40carbon phytoene is formed due to condensation of two GGPPs by phytoene synthase (CrtB) [151][152][153][154][155][156][157][158]149. A desaturation reaction (dehydrogenation) occurs where double bonds are sequentially introduced at the side of phytoene to form a 5 conjugated double bond compound called phytofluene as well as ζ-carotene (7 conjugated double bonds), neurosporene (9 conjugated double bonds), and finally the pink-colored lycopene (11 conjugated double bonds).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selected Methods of Extracting Carotenoids, Characterization, and Health Concerns: A Review

Adadi

Barakova

Krivoshapkina

2018

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Carotenoids are the most powerful nutrients (medicine) on earth due to their potent antioxidant properties. The ability of these tetraterpenoids in obviating human chronic ailments like cancer, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and diabetes has drawn public attention toward these novel compounds. Conventionally, carotenoids have been extracted from plant materials and agro-industrial byproduct using different solvents, but these procedures result in contaminating the target compound (carotenoids) with extraction solvents. Furthermore, some utilized solvents are not safe and hence are harmful to the environment. This has attracted criticism from consumers, ecologists, environmentalists, and public health workers. However, there is clear consumer preference for carotenoids from natural origin without traces of extracting solvent. Therefore, this review seeks to discuss methods for higher recovery of pure carotenoids without contamination from a solvent. Methods such as enzyme-based extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic extraction, and postextraction treatment (saponification) are discussed. Merits and demerits of these methods along with health concerns during intake of carotenoids were also considered.

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“…Homocarotenoids (decaprenoxanthin) are exclusively synthesized by some bacterial organisms where isoprene is introduced into the C 40 backbone (formed by more than eight units). , …”

Section: Sources Of Carotenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sources Of Carotenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Journal Of Agricultural and Food Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selected Methods of Extracting Carotenoids, Characterization, and Health Concerns: A Review

Adadi

Barakova

Krivoshapkina

2018

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…The animal feed, pharmaceutical and cosmetic sectors have invested in the research of these important molecules in order to find new sources and applications. Studies involving carotenoids also look for the methods of maintaining an adequate amount of these substances in different foods so that their properties are not lost during processing and storage (24), which reaffirms the application of methylotrophic species as a possible animal feed producer, since they are containing carotenoids that provide additional nutritional value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Growth of Methylobacterium organophilum in Methanol for the Simultaneous Production of Single-Cell Protein and Metabolites of Interest

Simões

Fernandes

Barreto

et al. 2022

Food Technol. Biotechnol. (Online)

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Research background. This study aimed to monitor the growth of the methylotrophic bacteria Methylobacterium organophilum in a culture medium with methanol as a carbon source and to verify the production of unicellular proteins and other biomolecules, such as carotenoids, exopolysaccharides and polyhydroxyalkanoates, making a compound more attractive as food intended for animal feed. Experimental approach. Microbial growth was studied in shaken flasks to evaluate bacterial growth with different carbon: nitrogen ratios (C: N) and determine the best results in terms of cell volumetric productivity and substrate consumption rate. This condition was to be further applied in an in a fed-batch operating bioreactor system, which depicted the kinetic profile of cell growth, which concentrations were determined by dry cell weight, methanol consumption, measured by HPLC analysis, accumulation of carotenoids, which was analyzed by mass spectrometry, and the production of exopolysaccharide, which was characterized in terms of its chemical composition and submitted to chemical rheological analysis. Results and conclusions. The best experimental condition was verified using an initial methanol concentration of 7 g/L in the culture medium. This same initial substrate concentration was used in the bioreactor in the fed-batch operation, and the biomass concentration was 5 g/L, after 60 hours of cultivation. The accumulation of carotenoids associated with cell growth was monitored, reaching a concentration of 1.6 mg/L at the end of the process. These pigments were then analyzed and characterized as a set of xanthophylls (oxidized carotenoids). In addition, two other products were identified during the fed-batch operation: an exopolysaccharide (EPS), which reached a concentration of 8.9 g/L at the end of the culture, and an intracellular granular structure which was detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), suggesting the accumulation of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), most likely polyhydroxybutyrate. Novelty and scientific contribution. M. organophilum demonstrated a unique ability to produce compounds of commercial interest, leading to a genuine understanding that this species has a metabolism distint. The use of Methylobacterium organophilum makes room for platform integration in the context of biorefineries as a result of its distinct metabolic diversity.

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