Synthesis of IgE by the human conceptus

Miller, Dustin; Hirvonen, Toivo; Gitlin, David

doi:10.1016/0091-6749(73)90035-3

Cited by 132 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…With columns of DEAE-cellulose (13), human, bovine, and guinea pig IgG (H-IgG, B-IgG, and GP-IgG, respectively) were isolated from the appropriate normal serum. Human IgE (H-IgE) was separated from the plasma of a patient with IgE myeloma (15) using Sephadex G-200 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals, Uppsala, Sweden) (16) followed by zone electrophoresis of the partially purified IgE preparation on Geon (B. F. Goodrich, Chemical Co., Avon Lake, Ohio) in 0.1 M borate buffer, pH 8.6 (17). Crystallized human insulin (HI) was kindly provided by Dr. J. Schlichtkrull of the Novo Terapeutisk Laboratorium, Copenhagen, Denmark.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein Binding by Specific Receptors on Human Placenta, Murine Placenta, and Suckling Murine Intestine in Relation to Protein Transport across These Tissues

Gitlin¹,

Gitlin²

1974

J. Clin. Invest.

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A B S T R A C T Human, rat, and mouse placentas and rat and mouse intestines were homogenized in buffered saline, and a fraction consisting primarily of cell membranes was separated from each of the homogenates by differential centrifugation. Human, bovine, and guinea pig IgG, and human IgE, Bence-Jones protein, serum albumin, insulin, and growth hormone were labeled with "LUi or "HI, and the binding of these proteins by the cell membrane fractions was investigated. Rat and mouse sucklings were given labeled proteins intragastrically, and the amount of each protein absorbed after a given interval of time was determined. It was found that the degree and specificity of protein binding by the cell membrane fractions from human and murine placentas strikingly paralleled the relative rate and specificity of protein transport from mother to fetus in the respective species at or near term. Similarly, the degree and specificity of protein binding by the cell membrane fractions from suckling rat and mouse intestines tended to parallel the rate and specificity of protein absorption from the gastrointestinal tract in these animals. However, some discordance between protein binding and protein transport was also observed. The data suggest that: (a) the binding of a protein by specific receptors on cell membranes may be a necessary first step in the transcellular transport of the protein; (b) specific protein binding by cell receptors does not ensure the transport of that protein across the tissue barrier; and (c) specific transport mechanisms other than or in addition to specific cell membrane receptors are involved in the active transport of proteins across the human or murine placenta or the suckling murine intestine.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein Binding by Specific Receptors on Human Placenta, Murine Placenta, and Suckling Murine Intestine in Relation to Protein Transport across These Tissues

Gitlin¹,

Gitlin²

1974

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…As early as 1928, Ratner demonstrated intrauterine sensitization to CM proteins in Guinea pigs, and speculated on analogous sensitization in humans [15]. Subsequently, it was found that IgE synthesis occurs in utero as early as the 11th week of gestation [16]. It was also demonstrated that the fetus is capable of producing specific IgE antibodies to food allergens that were ingested by the mother during pregnancy.…”

Section: Prenatal Factorsmentioning

confidence: 94%

In 2532 Children we Report the Developmental Factors Influencing the Development of Atopic Diseases

Cantani¹

2017

Austin J Allergy

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Allergic asthma and rhinitis, Atopic Dermatitis (AD), urticaria and gastrointestinal allergy, are common diseases of infants and children. It was recently estimated that 14% of children suffer from AD, 8% from food allergy, and 12% from asthma [1,2]. The cumulated incidence of these diseases in adolescents has been estimated between 25-35%, while the prevalence is about 20% [3]. The phenotypic expression of these illnesses varies extensively, being very mild in some cases, severe in many, and even life threatening in others. Specific IgE antibodies to foods and positive challenge tests to a number of food allergens are frequently present in children with these disorders. Cow's Milk (CM) appears to be the most common offending food both in gastrointestinal (vomiting, diarrhea, etc) and in cutaneous manifestations (urticaria and AD). About 0.5-7% of infants suffer from more or less adverse reactions to CM [4]. Babies particularly of atopic parents are at high risk of developing atopic diseases; therefore they are defined as at-risk babies [5][6][7].conditions. It has been known for centuries that heredity plays an important role in the development of atopy. A child with a negative family history still has about a 5-15% risk of developing atopy. However, children with a parental history of atopic disease are at higher risk for the development of atopic symptoms. It has been found that if one parent is affected, the chances of an offspring being affected vary between 20 and 40%. If both parents are affected the figure increases up to 40-60%, and 50-80% if both show the same allergic manifestations. The risk of atopy in children who have an allergic sibling ranges between 25 and 35% [3,10].The importance of genetic factors is also demonstrated by other data:(I) children with positive family history for atopy develop allergic symptoms earlier than those with a negative family history [11], (II) The higher the incidence the higher the number of affected subjects in the same family [3].Notable differences exist in the so-called predisposition to atopic diseases, and further study appears to be necessary to better delineate the role played by genetic factors in the development of such disorders.In many allergic patients total serum IgE levels are found to be elevated, and it has been shown that a high total serum IgE level in infants is often associated with the subsequent development of atopic symptoms. Therefore, it was proposed that the measurement of IgE by PRIST testing in infants or at birth would have a predictive value in the atopy development. Several investigators have demonstrated that the risk of developing atopic diseases was very high when the cord IgE level was above 0.5 IU/ml [5,8,9,12].Our data shows that a newborn can be considered at risk for atopy when the cord IgE level is above 0.8 IU/ml [5]. We have also shown that neonates of non atopic parents (0.032 + 0

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“…Furthermore, on the basis of a polygenic foundation there is a possibility of sensitization of the fetus from the twenty second week of pregnancy through increased production of IgE, IL4 and IL5. Newborns also have an immaturely developed mucosal barrier which presents another entry point for potential allergens [3,8,10,11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of Immunoglobulin E in Umbilical Blood in Relation to an Allergic Family History, Seasonality, Child Immunity and the Impact of Applied Non-pathogenic E. coli on Children’s Microbiome

Liska¹,

Siala²,

Blanka³

et al. 2017

JLS

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Abstract:We examined IgE levels in 4,312 samples of umbilical blood taken from children born into families with a positive history of allergy in one or both parents from 1998-2015. At the age of ten days, those with high IgE were given Colinfant Newborn (a lyophilized non-pathogenic strain of E. coli) for one month, three times weekly. At 15 months and three years we investigated the levels of IgE, IgA and IgG, and the incidence of illness and allergy. The results revealed that allergy and high umbilical IgE is strongly linked with family history (p ≤ 0.001). We also detected differences in seasonality, especially with regards to pollen allergies. About 80% of children treated with Colinfant had significantly reduced IgE and morbidity at 13-15 months and 3 years, and furthermore without any clinical signs of allergy. Surprisingly 20% of treated children did not have reduced IgE, and yet they did not have any clinical signs of allergy. Normalization of IgA and IgG was seen in 90% of treated subjects (p ≤ 0.001). These levels significantly are correlated with an almost negligible morbidity up to 4 years of life. Our study strongly suggests a positive effect of physiological E. coli on the microbiome of children as evidenced by a significantly reduced incidence of allergy and morbidity when applied early in life.

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Synthesis of IgE by the human conceptus

Cited by 132 publications

References 8 publications

Protein Binding by Specific Receptors on Human Placenta, Murine Placenta, and Suckling Murine Intestine in Relation to Protein Transport across These Tissues

Protein Binding by Specific Receptors on Human Placenta, Murine Placenta, and Suckling Murine Intestine in Relation to Protein Transport across These Tissues

In 2532 Children we Report the Developmental Factors Influencing the Development of Atopic Diseases

Significance of Immunoglobulin E in Umbilical Blood in Relation to an Allergic Family History, Seasonality, Child Immunity and the Impact of Applied Non-pathogenic E. coli on Children’s Microbiome

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