Synthesis of ion-selective polymer-supported crown ethers: a review

Alexandratos, Spiro D.; Stine, Christy L.

doi:10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2004.02.006

Cited by 95 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…This strategy affords direct and quantitative incorporation of cyclic units into polymers as repeating units, in sharp contrast to the polymerization of monomers bearing a cyclic pendent group 37 or the postfunctionalization of linear polymers 38 . With the in-chain multiple cyclic units, cyclopolymers potentially show unique functions, for example, polymeric (pseudo-)crown ethers recognize particular cations in a way different from their monomeric counterparts 25,32,39 . The key for selective vinyl-type cyclopolymerization is to bring the two olefins in a bifunctional monomer to close proximity for effective intramolecular cyclization.…”

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confidence: 99%

Polymeric pseudo-crown ether for cation recognition via cation template-assisted cyclopolymerization

et al. 2013

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Cyclopolymerization is a chain polymerization of bifunctional monomers via alternating processes of intramolecular cyclization and intermolecular addition, to give soluble linear polymers consisting of in-chain cyclic structures. Though cyclopolymers comprising in-chain multiple large rings potentially show unique functionality, they generally require the elaborate design of bifunctional monomers. Here we report cation template-assisted cyclopolymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylates as an efficient strategy directly yielding polymeric pseudo-crown ethers with large in-chain cavities (up to 30-membered rings) for selective molecular recognition. The key is to select a size-fit metal cation for the spacer unit of the divinyl monomers to form a pseudo-cyclic conformation, where the two vinyl groups are suitably positioned for intramolecular cyclization. The marriage of supramolecular chemistry and polymer chemistry affords efficient, one-pot chemical transformation from common chemical reagents with simple templates to functional cyclopolymers.

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Polymeric pseudo-crown ether for cation recognition via cation template-assisted cyclopolymerization

et al. 2013

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Most polymer complexes are known to be insoluble in water, though watersoluble macromolecules or polymers are of importance for many industrial and technological applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[8][9][10][11][12] The preparation of such compounds generally starts with a pre-formed polyaza macrocycle that can react with polymer bearing reactive functional groups or with α,ω-difunctionalized reagents. For instance, the unsaturated poly(tetraaza macrocycle) A (Scheme 1) has been prepared by the reaction of L 1 with the diisocyanate OCN-(CH 2 ) 6 -NCO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Pot Reaction Involving Two Different Amines and Formaldehyde Leading to the Formation of Poly(Macrocyclic) Cu(II) Complexes

Lee

Kang²

2012

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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2n have been prepared by the one-pot reaction of formaldehyde with ethylenediamine and 1,2-bis(2-aminoethoxy)ethane, 1,3-diaminopropane, or 1,6-diaminohexane in the presence of the metal ion. The polymer complexes contain fully saturated 14-membered hexaaza macrocyclic units (1,3,6,8,10,13-hexaazacyclotetradecane) pendant arms has also been prepared by the metal-directed reaction of ethylenediamine, 1,2-bis(2-aminoethoxy)ethane, and formaldehyde. The polymer complexes were characterized employing elemental analyses, FT-IR and electronic absorption spectra, molar conductance, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron micrograph (SEM). Electronic absorption spectra of the complexes show that each macrocyclic unit of them has squareplanar coordination geometry with a 5-6-5-6 chelate ring sequence. The polymer complexes as well as4+ are quite stable even in concentrated HClO 4 solutions. Synthesis and characterization of the polynuclear and mononuclear copper(II) complexes are reported.

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“…These gels usually incorporate transition metals into their network-forming polymer chains, either as main chain constituents or included in side groups, or are composed of (semi)conducting polymers. [77][78] Their addressability by redox stimuli allows one to alter properties such as polarity, which generally has a large influence on polymer chain stiffness and extension, and on their interactions with solvents. Redox responsiveness is therefore mainly of interest for actuator applications.…”

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“…78 A self-oscillating redox-active gel was obtained by inducing the BelousovZhabotinsky (BZ) reaction within a ruthenium-bearing PNIPAm gel. 102 The selfoscillating motion was produced by dissipating chemical energy from the oscillating BZ reaction, occurring inside the PNIPAm gel.…”

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Functional macromolecules and smart polymer networks for ion separation, reduction and delivery

Zoetebier

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This thesis is part of NanoNextNL, a micro and nanotechnology innovation consortium of the Government of the Netherlands and 130 partners from academia and industry. More information on www.nanonextnl.nl. IntroductionSince decades, nature has been an inspiration for the fields of polymer chemistry and materials science. To date, it remains a challenge to mimic natural systems to attain their desired properties. 1-2Traditional polymers can generally meet particular parameters one at a time. For example mechanical properties can be improved but often without enhancement of other materials parameters. The same also holds for other properties. In contrast, natural polymers developed during genesis often possess a set of properties which have been simultaneously optimized to achieve a given task. In the field of materials science, chemical properties are combined with structural and surface properties, mimicking, for instance, the gecko foot and the lotus leaf.Self-assembly at different length scales, one of the key elements that nature presents to us, provides simple building blocks for otherwise difficult to achieve structures, which are preferentially assembled through supramolecular chemistry. 5The dynamic, stimuli-responsive character of these interactions provide adaptive reversible connections in many molecular processes and materials. For example, molecular recognition processes can trigger biological responses, awakening the field of biosensors and actuators. 6 The Mimosa pudica, a plant which folds its leafs upon receiving a stimulus, is another fascinating example of the responsiveness of natural systems. Upon a touch or air movement, a release of chemicals is triggered which causes water removal and subsequent cell collapse, giving rise to the folding of its leafs. 7These are just a few examples of the materials and objects developed and evolved over time by nature. Biomimetics brings together scientists from different fields in an attempt to create e.g., molecular-scale devices, nanomedicine, actuators, selfChapter 1 3 assembling and self-healing materials and tools for molecular sensing and recognition.In the related fields of stimulus responsive hydrogels and ionic polymer-metal composite actuators, research is focused on achieving comparable responses with synthetic materials. In this thesis attention will be paid to hydrogels and "unconventional" polymers that incorporate inorganic elements in their main chain. Concept of this thesisThe concept of the research described in this thesis is centered around the synthesis, characterization and function of novel organometallic polyanions, polycations, and their corresponding hydrogels and the exploration of the use of these redox-responsive water-soluble or water-swellable materials in metal nanoparticle fabrication and transfection. In addition, crown ether-functionalized aromatic polymers and organometallic polymers will be employed for ion separation and sensing.Chapter 2 summarizes the field of stimulus responsive polymers, focusing on redox res...

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Synthesis of ion-selective polymer-supported crown ethers: a review

Cited by 95 publications

References 43 publications

Polymeric pseudo-crown ether for cation recognition via cation template-assisted cyclopolymerization

Polymeric pseudo-crown ether for cation recognition via cation template-assisted cyclopolymerization

One-Pot Reaction Involving Two Different Amines and Formaldehyde Leading to the Formation of Poly(Macrocyclic) Cu(II) Complexes

Functional macromolecules and smart polymer networks for ion separation, reduction and delivery

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