Synthesis of Large-Scale Bio-Hydrogen Network Using Waste Gas from Landfill and Anaerobic Digestion: A P-Graph Approach

Abstract

Due to the expanding concern on cleaner production and sustainable development aspects, a technology shift is needed for the hydrogen production, which is commonly derived from natural gas. This work aims to synthesise a large-scale bio-hydrogen network in which its feedstock, i.e., bio-methane, is originated from landfill gas and palm oil mill effluent (POME). Landfill gas goes through a biogas upgrader where high-purity bio-methane is produced, while POME is converted to bio-methane using anaerobic digestor (AD). The generated bio-methane is then distributed to the corresponding hydrogen sink (e.g., oil refinery) through pipelines, and subsequently converted into hydrogen via steam methane reforming (SMR) process. In this work, P-graph framework is used to determine a supply network with minimum cost, while ensuring the hydrogen demands are satisfied. Two case studies in the West and East Coasts of Peninsular Malaysia are used to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed model. In Case Study 1, four scenarios on the West Coast have been considered, showing total cost saving ranging between 25.9% and 49.5%. This showed that aside from the positive environmental impact, the incorporation of bio-hydrogen supply can also be economically feasible. Such benefits can also be seen in Case Study 2, where the uptake of biogas from landfill and POME sources on the East Coast can lead to a 31% reduction on total network cost. In addition, the effect of bio-hydrogen supply network on carbon footprint reduction was analysed in this work.

Firm’s Sustainability and Societal Development from the Lens of Fishbone Eco-Innovation: A Moderating Role of ISO 14001-2015 Environmental Management System

“…According to the study of [73], eco-design is a renovation approach towards product which considers the environmental impacts of its entire life cycle. Eco-design not only lowers environmental impact but also focuses on resource effectiveness [74]. Other major elements that need to be considered while developing or innovating the eco-product are reducing material intensity, renewable energy intensity, product climate change, product recyclability, and durability.…”

Synthesis of bio-hydrogen supply network via graph-theoretic approach coupled with Monte Carlo simulation model

“…Conversion ratios of processes, amount of hydrogen production, hydrogen demand, facilities location and other references are the basic information needed to model the network structure. The methodology for P-graph construction is adopted from the studies of Hemmati et al [9]. Subsequently, the top three ranked optimal bio-hydrogen were simulated via Monte Carlo simulation model to evaluate the financial profitability of the aforementioned supply chain.…”

The Nexus between Proactive Eco-Innovation and Firm Financial Performance: A Circular Economy Perspective

“…Process eco-innovation demonstrated that a cleaner production process can be incorporated into the industrial manufacturing process without negotiating sustainability, societal development, and most importantly the circular economy [39][40][41][42]. Cleaner production is an approach that accumulates various production factors such as shortening the greenhouse emission force, water concentration, waste concentration, energy application, and reprocessing or recycling the materials [38][39][40][41]43]. The other significant division can be rainwater application and growing renewable energy.…”