Synthesis of Laser‐Induced Cobalt Oxide for Non‐Enzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensors

Abstract

In this study, an electrochemical non‐enzymatic glucose sensor based on cobalt oxide was designed through CO2 laser irradiation on a Co‐hydrogel formed by spin‐coating a mixture of CoCl2 and gelatin on a polyimide (PI) film. The PI film, which absorbed IR energy through laser irradiation, was grown into laser‐induced graphene fiber (LIGF) with high electrical conductivity and a large surface area. The Co‐hydrogel absorbed the laser‘s IR energy and grew into laser‐induced Co3O4 nano particles (LICONPs) without high temperature annealing for several hours. Because the Co‐hydrogel and the PI film were simultaneously irradiated with laser, LICONPs were attached to the surface of the LIGF, so it had an active surface area 10.5 times larger than the geometric area. The fabricated LICONPs/LIGF was then utilized as a non‐enzymatic glucose sensor working electrode, resulting in high sensitivity of 187,129 μA mM−1 cm−2 in the range of 1–30 μm and low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.10 μm. In addition, LICONPs/LIGF also showed stable reproducibility, repeatability and long‐term stability when used as a part of working electrode of a non‐enzymatic glucose sensor.

Direct Laser Writing: From Materials Synthesis and Conversion to Electronic Device Processing

“…Another route explored through DLW has been the synthesis of LIG hybrid materials, that have been used in nonenzymatic sensing of small molecules of interest. [ 321 ] Concurrently, other materials and strategies have been employed for electrochemical sensor fabrication using DLW. Zhoe et al.…”

“…[319] The first to synthesizing such composite materials is the deposition of a metal precursor phase over the graphitizable substrate, using solution processing approaches. [170,[320][321][322][323][324] A second approach is the formulation of liquid composite precursors, that present both the organic, LIG precursor phase and the metal precursor simultaneously. [325][326][327] Using both strategies, LIG-based composites with metallic elements have been produced, using the thermal laser stimulus to simultaneously graphitize the carbon organic precursor and reduce or oxidize the metallic precursor.…”

Flexible Electrochemical Sensors and Their Applications in Noninvasive Medical Detection★

“…由于酶分子的活性受温度和 pH 值等因素的影响较 大, 且易于失活, 酶基传感器的稳定性和重复性通常较 差. 对此, 功能性纳米粒子修饰的无酶安培型传感器也 被广泛研究, 实现了对于葡萄糖等代谢物的稳定检 测 [104][105][106] .…”

Glucose Oxidase Patterned Meta‐Chemical Surface for Sensing Glucose Using Dip‐Pen Nanolithography

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] A variety of identification methods, e. g., chromatography, [14] colorimetric, [15] etc., are in use today to detect glucose, and the most common sensors and biosensors in these devices are based on electrochemistry detection. [1,3,4,[16][17][18][19][20][21] A key development goal of the field is to minimize the physical size of the sensor device without decreasing either its efficiency or its sensitivity. [22] To achieve this goal, which will also constitute a significant advance in nanotechnology, studies of this kind focus on developing nanosensors and bionanosensors based on a variety of active species.…”

“…The dire need for a viable means to detect glucose in a variety of mixtures such as food and physiological fluids has driven numerous studies to develop an efficient, simple, and cheap glucose sensor [1–13] . A variety of identification methods, e. g., chromatography, [14] colorimetric, [15] etc., are in use today to detect glucose, and the most common sensors and biosensors in these devices are based on electrochemistry detection [1,3,4,16–21] . A key development goal of the field is to minimize the physical size of the sensor device without decreasing either its efficiency or its sensitivity [22] .…”