Polyanionic materials attract a strong interest in the field of Li-ion battery research thanks to the wide range of compositions, structures and electrochemical properties they offer. Tavorite-type compositions offer a very rich crystal chemistry, among which LiVPO 4 F has the highest theoretical energy density (i.e. 655 Wh/kg). A new Tavorite-type LiVPO 4 OH composition was synthetized by hydrothermal route from three different vanadiumcontaining precursors. The crystal structure of this new phase was fully determined thanks to synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction. 1 H, 7 Li, and 31 P magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as well as diffuse reflectance infra-red spectroscopy were performed in order to support further the nature of the phases formed. Galvanostatic intermittent titration technique experiments in Lithium batteries and ex-situ X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that during oxidation, the concomitant extraction of Li + and H + occurs at the same equilibrium potential (3.95V vs Li + /Li) and leads to the formation of the Tavorite phase VPO 4 O at the end of the charge. LiVPO 4 OH is also electrochemically active in the low voltage region, upon Li + insertion. The reversible insertion/extraction of lithium at 1.35V vs Li + /Li leads to the formation of Li 2 VPO 4 OH at the end of discharge.