“…In general, the development of nanostructured, reactive materials for water treatment applications holds great promise due to the reactive degradation and improved removal processes that have been demonstrated [9]- [11]. In particular, both laboratoryscale and pilot-scale research studies have demonstrated that iron-based nanostructured materials, such as iron nanoparticles, are able to remove a wide variety of water contaminants, including dyes [12], [13], chlorinated organics [14], [15], pharmaceutical compounds [16], [17], and heavy metals [18], [19], through both oxidative and reductive reaction mechanisms. The process for the decomposition of the dyes by iron-based nanoparticles results from electron transfer from the metallic nanoparticle to the dye, which breaks the azo dye N=N double bond, creating a solution composed of aromatic amines [8].…”