Synthesis of Manganese Oxide Electrodes with Interconnected Nanowire Structure as an Anode Material for Rechargeable Lithium Ion Batteries

Abstract

Manganese oxide electrodes composed of interconnected nanowires are electrochemically synthesized in manganous acetate solution at room temperature without any template and catalyst. Annealing temperature affects the electrode morphology, crystallization, and electrochemical performance. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results show that nanowires are uniformly distributed and sizes are about 12-18 nm in diameter; the diameter decreases to about 8-12 nm after annealing at 300 degrees C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) images indicate that nanowires have poor crystalline characteristics. The higher the annealing temperature, the higher the crystalline degree is in manganese oxide. The synthesized anode material shows a much larger capacity than the traditional graphite materials for lithium storage. After annealing at 300 degrees C, the electrode's reversible capacity reaches 800 mAhg(-1), and the specific capacity retention remains nearly constant after 100 cycles.

Beyond Intercalation‐Based Li‐Ion Batteries: The State of the Art and Challenges of Electrode Materials Reacting Through Conversion Reactions

“…However, following calculations using a simple 1D model, it is suggested that, by [ 42 , 43 ] Mn 3 O 4 , [43][44][45] and MnO. [46][47][48] In general, rather low Coulombic effi ciencies in the fi rst cycle and rapid capacity decays with cycling were reported, the best results showing capacities of 600 mAh g − 1 after 100 cycles for a γ -MnO 2 fi lm deposited on nickel metal [ 39 ] and after 150 cycles for MnO powder. [ 48 ] Notwithstanding these disappointing results, the scarcity of systematic efforts to optimize the performance of electrodes using manganese oxides by combining materials synthesis, processing and engineering indicate that improvements could be achieved.…”

Interdispersed Amorphous MnOx–Carbon Nanocomposites with Superior Electrochemical Performance as Lithium‐Storage Material

“…Carbon nanomaterials were also incorporated to enhance the electronic conductivity. [8][9][10][11][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Graphene, [20] carbon nanotubes, [17,23] and carbon nanofibers [24] hae been used to fabricate manganese oxide-carbon nanocomposite anode materials. However, the high surface area of manganese oxide-carbon nanocomposites resulted in low coulombic efficiency due to the formation of a large unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) during nanoparticles have demonstrated the best electrochemical performance of manganese oxide anode to date.…”

Green synthesis of nanosized manganese dioxide as positive electrode for lithium-ion batteries using lemon juice and citrus peel

“…Submicronic materials, such as nanoparticles, nanorods, nanobelts, nanowires, nanotubes, nanofibers and urchins/orchids, mesoporous MDOs are currently investigated [9][10][11]. KMnO 4 is one of the main starting materials for synthesis of α-MnO 2 as it is not only a suitable Mn source, but it can also stabilize the crystallographic structure of MnO 2 by the presence of K + cations located in the cavities [12].…”