Synthesis of Mesoporous α-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles by Non-ionic Soft Template and Their Applications to Heavy Oil Upgrading

Abstract

This paper reports the synthetic route of 3-D network shape α-Fe2O3 from aqueous solutions of iron precursor using a non-ionic polymeric soft-template, Pluronic P123. During the synthesis of α-Fe2O3, particle sizes, crystal phases and morphologies were significantly influenced by pH, concentrations of precursor and template. The unique shape of worm-like hematite was obtained only when a starting solution was prepared by a weakly basic pH condition and a very specific composition of constituents. The synthesized nanocrystal at this condition had a narrow pore size distribution and high surface area compared to the bulk α-Fe2O3 or the one synthesized from lower pH conditions. The hydrocracking performance was tested over the synthesized iron oxide catalysts with different morphologies. The worm-like shape of iron oxide showed a superior performance, including overall yield of liquid fuel product and coke formation, over the hydrocracking of heavy petroleum oil.

Styrene Oxidation to Valuable Compounds over Nanosized FeCo-Based Catalysts: Effect of the Third Metal Addition

“…In other words, the Type IV isotherms with H 1 hysteresis are clearly observed for all synthesized samples, except for FCC CP and FCM CP having a Type I isotherm. Interestingly, FCC SG does not have a well-defined Type IV pattern, and this behavior corresponds to those of mesopores and macropores presence [20,21], as already suggested by SEM (Figure 1c included). Additionally, the hysteresis loop for the FCC SG is not well established, presumably because of the presence of inter-particle void space.…”

“…This nanoarchitecture is duly reflected by the XAD-16 resin template hollow sphere morphology [20,21]. Some of the spheres were unbroken, indicating that the metal precursors infiltrated successfully into the spheres, whilst other spheroids were cracked because the calcination process burned the template (Figure 1a included, left side).…”

“…These results might be due to the CP method as a variant of sol-gel method, providing the interactions among the depolimerized P-123 copolymer, hydrochloric acid, citric acid, and the metal precursors. It can provide an anisotropic aggregation of thermodynamically unstable metal-oxo-metal or metal-hydroxy-metal species, all of them giving a void space of self-assembled micellar, as for Fe-based compounds [20,21]. In addition, the sol-gel involved reactions are occurring simultaneously during the aging step [21].…”

“…It can provide an anisotropic aggregation of thermodynamically unstable metal-oxo-metal or metal-hydroxy-metal species, all of them giving a void space of self-assembled micellar, as for Fe-based compounds [20,21]. In addition, the sol-gel involved reactions are occurring simultaneously during the aging step [21]. Further, hydrothermal treatment and calcination steps would result in the formation of nanosized particles with poor crystallinity (XRD and Raman results), leading to samples with a peculiar morphology.…”

αvβ3 mediated tumor imaging using 99mTc labeled NAD/monosaccharide coated ferrihydrite nanoparticles

“…As shown in Figure 2, 2 broad peaks at approximately 2 θ = 34.4 and 62.8 were observed, and these were assigned to the (110) and (115) planes of 2‐line ferrihydrite (2LFh) (JCPDS card number 29‐0712). No characteristic peaks from the impurities were detected, and this coincided with previous reports and confirmed that the product was 2LFh . Based on the number of peaks resolved from powder XRD patterns, 2 types of ferrihydrite are commonly distinguished, namely 2LFh and 6‐line ferrihydrite (6LFh) .…”