Synthesis of metal-free phosphorus doped graphitic carbon nitride-P25 (TiO2) composite: Characterization, cyclic voltammetry and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Wadhai, Sachin; Jadhav, Yogesh; Thakur, Priyanka

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2021.110958

Cited by 37 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The surface was close to round. The smaller the particle size is, the more pronounced the mutual adsorption of the material is [ 56 ]. The nTiO 2 without ultrasonic dispersion had some particle agglomeration ( Figure 5 A, a).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Nano-TiO2 Composite on the Fertilization and Fruit-Setting of Litchi

Huang

Dong

Ding³

et al. 2022

Nanomaterials

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Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2) are widely used as fertilizers in agricultural production because they promote photosynthesis and strong adhesion. Low pollination and fertilization due to rainy weather during the litchi plant’s flowering phase result in poor fruit quality and output. nTiO2 would affect litchi during the flowering and fruiting stages. This study considers how nTiO2 affects litchi’s fruit quality and pollen viability during the flowering stage. The effects of nTiO2 treatment on pollen vigor, yield, and fruit quality were investigated. nTiO2 effectively improved the pollen germination rate and pollen tube length of litchi male flowers. The germination rate reached 22.31 ± 1.70%, and the pollen tube reached 237.66 μm in the 450 mg/L reagent-treated group. Spraying with 150 mg/L of nTiO2 increased the germination rate of pollen by 2.67% and 3.67% for two types of male flowers (M1 and M2) of anthesis, respectively. After nTiO2 spraying, the fruit set rates of ‘Guiwei’ and ‘Nomici’ were 46.68% and 30.33%, respectively, higher than those of the boric acid treatment group and the control group. The edibility rate, titration calculation, and vitamin C of nTiO2 treatment were significantly higher than those of the control. The nTiO2-treated litchi fruit was more vividly colored. Meanwhile, the adhesion of nTiO2 to leaves was effectively optimized by using ATP and BCS to form nTiO2 carriers and configuring nTiO2 complex reagents. These results set the foundation for future applications of titanium dioxide nanoparticles as fertilizers for agriculture and guide their application to flowers and fruits.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Nano-TiO2 Composite on the Fertilization and Fruit-Setting of Litchi

Huang

Dong

Ding³

et al. 2022

Nanomaterials

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“…Combined with the photocatalytic activities, we propose that photogenerated electrons are consumed at Ni 0 reactive sites for hydrogen evolution and that a higher proportion of Ni 0 is beneficial to the proton reduction since more photoexcited electrons are participating in the interfacial charge transfer. No HER is observed with Ni/TiO 2 despite the fact that Ni 0 is observed, presumably due to the conduction band edge (CBE) of TiO 2 being more positive than that of CN x , resulting in the sluggish kinetics of electrons transferring from TiO 2 to Ni that hampers the accumulation of enough reactive nickel species for proton reduction. , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ALD-Deposited NiO Approaches the Performance of Platinum as a Hydrogen Evolution Cocatalyst on Carbon Nitride

Liu

Godin

2022

ACS Catal.

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The photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction is one of the most promising approaches to utilize solar energy and produce hydrogen as an alternative energy source to traditional fossil fuels. In this work, we focused on further exploring the cocatalyst potential of the transition metal nickel and prepared nickel oxide/ carbon nitride (NiO/CN x ) heterojunctions through thermal polymerization as well as plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD). The optimal NiO loading thickness on the surface of the CN x was found to be 6.5 nm, prepared from 65 cycles of ALD. This NiO(65)/CN x had a photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 3.9 μmol h −1 in a 2 mg mL −1 aqueous photocatalyst solution (195 μmol h −1 g −1 ), corresponding to an AQY of 3.1% and exhibiting 54% of the activity of 3 wt % Pt/CN x under 405 nm light illumination with a sacrificial reagent. A 3 wt % Ni/CN x prepared through a photodeposition process from a dispersion of CN x and simple NiCl 2 had a photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 2.8 μmol h −1 (140 μmol h g −1 ) and an AQY of 2.2% with 2 mg mL −1 photocatalyst in the reactant solution, corresponding to 39% of the activity of 3 wt % Pt/CN x . An induction period at the beginning of the hydrogen evolution process was found in all Ni-based photocatalysts, which we related to a Ni in situ photoreduction from Ni II to Ni 0 and the reverse reaction. In addition, the reproducibility of the induction period even in an oxygen-free environment suggests that electrons flow back from reduced Ni species to CN x under dark conditions. Furthermore, a large population of trap states was detected in the bulk CN x materials via photoinduced absorption spectroscopy, and the trapping severely hinders cocatalysts (even the benchmark Pt cocatalyst) from extracting charges from CN x for subsequent interfacial redox reactions. We conclude that not only does the surface/interface engineering of the photocatalyst/ catalyst heterojunctions need to be considered but also trap states in CN x that severely limit the transfer of photogenerated charges to cocatalysts.

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“…P25 has found widespread use in photocatalysis applications. It is well characterized in the literature with several works showing successful doping, [40][41][42] composite formation with graphene oxide, 43 and coatings. 44 It is the benchmark material against which most photocatalytic studies compare VOC adsorption and degradation.…”

Section: Powder Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%