Synthesis of modified graphene oxide and its improvement on flame retardancy of epoxy resin

Abstract

In this work, the small molecule with double-phosphaphenanthrene structure was successfully grafted on the surface of graphene oxide (GO), which is called functionalized graphene oxide (FGO). The introduction of FGO improved the poor interfacial compatibility between graphene and epoxy matrix. And FGO could be used as the highly effective flame retardant. The thermogravimetric analysis results showed a significant improvement in the char yield of cured FGO/EP. When the content of FGO was 3 wt %, the limiting oxygen index value reached 30.4%. At the same time, the three-point bending and thermomechanical tests confirmed that the mechanical properties of the epoxy resin composites were improved. Based on the char analyses of SEM images and Raman spectroscopy, the flame retardant could promote the formation of a stable carbon layer.

Effect of different zeolitic imidazolate frameworks nanoparticle‐modified β‐FeOOH rods on flame retardancy and smoke suppression of epoxy resin

“…Therefore, it is widely used in coatings, adhesives, electronics and civil engineering. [ 1–3 ] 4,4′‐Methylene bis(2‐chloroaniline) (MOCA), 4,4‐diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) and 4,4‐diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM) are commonly used for curing agents, [ 1,2,4 ] among which MOCA is widely used because of its good curing effect and storage stability. In addition, chlorine in MOCA also gives EP a certain flame retardant effect.…”

Simultaneously electrochemical exfoliation and functionalization of graphene nanosheets: Multifunctional reinforcements in thermal, flame‐retardant, and mechanical properties of polyacrylonitrile composite fibers

“…[21,22] Recently, many researchers have been devoted to functionalized graphene with better flame-retardancy, and they pointed that surface functionalization with organic molecules containing phosphorus, nitrogen, and iron elements could significantly improve the interfacial compatibility and flame-retardant efficiency. [23][24][25][26] In this study, we selected diethylenetriaminepentakis (methylphosphonic acid) (DTPMP) as an electrolyte to simultaneously exfoliate and functionalize graphene nanosheets via an electrochemical method. Furthermore, Fe-DTPMP FGNS containing phosphorus, nitrogen, and iron elements was prepared by complexing electrochemical exfoliated graphene nanosheets with ferric chloride.…”

“…Unfortunately, bare graphene shows a finite enhancement in polymeric properties, due to the poor interfacial interaction and low flame‐retardant efficiency . Recently, many researchers have been devoted to functionalized graphene with better flame‐retardancy, and they pointed that surface functionalization with organic molecules containing phosphorus, nitrogen, and iron elements could significantly improve the interfacial compatibility and flame‐retardant efficiency …”

Functionalized Graphene Oxide Based on Hydrogen‐Bonding Interaction in Water: Preparation and Flame‐Retardation on Epoxy Resin

“…Likewise, EP/f‐GO composites decompose apparently with similar one‐stage processes. However, f‐GO has significantly changed the thermal profile of EP in comparison with GO . For the EP/f‐GO0.5 formulation, obvious decreases of T 5% value (from 378.8 to 362.3 °C) is owed to the lower thermal decomposition temperature of f‐GO compared to that of EP.…”

“…These nanocomposites exhibit favorable performance such as good compatibility or dispersion within the EP matrix, enhanced thermal stability, as well as flame‐retardant efficiency. Well‐characterized examples in the literature of this include a double‐phosphaphenanthrene‐functionalized graphene oxide system, polyphosphamide‐grafted functionalized graphene, graphene‐based inorganic–organic system (through a sol–gel reaction of GO and phenyl‐bis‐(triethoxysilylpropyl)phosphamide), flame‐retardant‐wrapped graphene (based on the reaction between POCl 3 and 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane), phosphorus/nitrogen co‐doped reduced graphene oxide (rGO) synthesized with phosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, and urea . This plurality of graphene‐based flame‐retardant additives were all incorporated into EP to prepare highly nonflammable epoxy nanocomposites through covalent functionalization, which required relatively complicated procedures and toxic solvents.…”