Synthesis of Monodisperse Palladium Nanoparticles

Abstract

We have synthesized monodisperse Pd nanoparticles with particle sizes of 3.5, 5, and 7 nm from the thermal decomposition of a Pd− surfactant complex. The particle size of Pd nanoparticles was controlled by varying the concentration of stabilizing surfactant.The development of uniform nanometer sized particles has been intensively pursued because of the many technological and fundamental scientific interests associated with these nanoparticles. 1 These nanoparticular materials often exhibit very interesting electronic, optical, magnetic, and chemical properties, which are unachievable for their bulk counterparts. 2 They have a characteristic high surface-to-volume ratio, and consequently a large fraction of the metal atoms are at the surface, and hence are available for catalysis. Many colloidal nanoparticles of transition metals have been synthesized and applied as catalysts for organic reactions. 3 Recently, the synthesis of uniform sized (or monodisperse) nanoparticles became a very important research area. 4 Klabunde and co-workers synthesized highly monodisperse gold nanoparticles from the digestive ripening, which employed aging of polydisperse nanoparticles in the presence of excess surfactant. 5 Even though there are many reports on the synthesis of Pd nanoparticles, there is virtually no report on monodisperse Pd nanoparticles. 6 Here, we report on the synthesis of monodisperse Pd nanoparticles from the thermal decomposition of Pd-surfactant complexes.The current synthetic procedure is a modified version of the method developed by our group for the synthesis of monodisperse nanocrystals of metal oxides, and which employs the formation of a metal-surfactant complex followed by aging at high temperature. 7 In the synthesis, Pd-surfactant complex, which was prepared at room temperature, was slowly heated to a high temperature, followed by aging at that temperature. The following describes the detailed synthetic procedure for monodisperse 3.5 nm Pd nanoparticles.

Carbon Nanoparticle‐Supported Pd Obtained by Solar Physical Vapor Deposition

“…is uneven distribution on the catalyst surface could be due to differences in the surface Gibbs potential (ΔG) of the ceramic catalyst phases. Nucleation occurs on the phases with the highest ΔG values, as found in other research [22,23].…”

Formation mechanism of Pd/PVP nanoparticles: effect of ultrasonic irradiation time

“…The UV-Visible spectra of irradiated Pd colloids (Figure 2) exhibit a broad continuous absorptions rise in the background towards higher energies, which are typical of those of Pdns in the colloids [7,19,24]. The most striking observation in Figure 2 is the increase of the absorbance at the higher wavelengths part of all the spectra with increasing irradiation time.…”

“…Metallic nanoparticles have a characteristic high surface-to-volume ratio and, consequently, a large fraction of the metal atoms at the surface, and hence are available for catalysis [4][5][6][7]. Therefore, stabilised and monodispersed palladium nanoparticles have been synthesised using sonochemical reduction processes [8][9][10].…”

Manufacturing nanomaterials: from research to industry

“…Nanoparticles with average size over than 10 nm, can be produced using only oleylamine as surfactant. Advantages of the technique include the quality of the nanoparticles, the ease of preparation and the no need of further selective technique [127]. Palladium is also an expensive metallic nanoparticle; its price can reach €/g1200.…”