“…A variety of methods have been identified for realizing TMD nanostructures, including chemically synthesized dots, − sonicated and centrifuged flakes, − helium ion-beam patterning, , direct femtosecond laser writing, laser ablation, electron beam (e-beam) lithography, and gate-defined quantum dots . Some of these approaches, such as sonication and dot synthesis, can achieve very small TMD nanostructures with measurable confinement energies, but they typically lack controllable size, placement, and distribution.…”