Synthesis of Multiple‐Twinned Pd Nanoparticles Anchored on Graphitic Carbon Nanosheets for Use as Highly‐Active Multifunctional Electrocatalyst in Formic Acid and Methanol Oxidation Reactions

Abstract

Although direct formic acid fuel cells and direct methanol fuel cells have attracted a lot of interest owing to their high energy‐conversion efficiency and low pollutant emissions, their large‐scale commercial applicability is limited by lack of suitable catalysts that exhibit high activity and are cheap. Here, a synergistic morphology and defect engineering strategy for the “clean” synthesis of multiple‐twinned Pd nanoparticles on nitrogen‐doped low‐defect graphitic carbon nanosheets (Pd/NL‐GCN) without using a template or surfactant are presented. The unique grain‐boundary‐enriched multiple‐twinned Pd nanoparticles provide a large number of catalytically active sites, while the graphitic carbon frameworks with a modulated electronic structure afford high electron conductivity as well as strong poison tolerance. Consequently, the Pd/NL‐GCN hybrid shows outstanding catalytic performance with respect to the oxidation of formic acid and methanol, exhibiting a large electrochemically active surface area, high mass activity, and good long‐term durability. Moreover, the catalyst outperforms conventional Pd‐nanoparticle‐based catalysts supported on carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and graphene materials.

Ir Single Atoms Doped Cuboctahedral Pd for Boosted Methanol Oxidation Reaction

“…The strong peak represents Pd (0) species and the weak peak represents Pd (II) species, which suggest that Pd (0) plays a dominant role on the surface of Ir-SAs/Pd catalysts. [17] For Ir-SAs/Pd catalysts, the two peaks of binding energy are 335.8 and 341.1 eV for 3d 5/2 and 3d which is consistent with previous studies. [18] Moreover, there is a positive binding energy shift of the Pd 3d 5/2 and Pd 3d 3/2 peaks for Ir-SAs/Pd catalysts compared with pure Pd (335.7 and 341.0 eV for 3d 5/2 and 3d 3/2 , respectively).…”

Ultrafine Rh-Decorated 3D Porous Boron and Nitrogen Dual-Doped Graphene Architecture as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Methanol Oxidation Reaction

“…The average size of Rh NPs on the BN-G surface is determined to be ∼3.2 nm, which is close to that of the high-quality Pt/nanocarbon catalysts 13,37 and smaller than that of the Pd/nanocarbon catalysts. 31,38,39 This result is attributed not only to the large surface area of 3D porous carbon networks but also to the abundant growth sites arising from B and N dopants in the graphene layers, which significantly strengthens the metal−support interaction and thereby restrains the excessive growth of Rh NPs. Figure 2F,G shows high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) images of the Rh/BN- XRD and Raman measurements were carried out to determine the crystalline and chemical textures of the 3D Rh/BN-G architecture.…”

Synthesis of Alloyed Pd−Pb Nanowire Networks for Electrocatalytic Ethanol Oxidation with High Stability

“…Although Pt was confirmed as an excellent electrocatalyst, it is not suitable for large‐scale use owing to its low storage [17–20] . Great efforts have transferred to seek for other alternative catalysts, like Pd, the same family as Pt, which has attracted great interests in recent years [21–26] …”

“…[17][18][19][20] Great efforts have transferred to seek for other alternative catalysts, like Pd, the same family as Pt, which has attracted great interests in recent years. [21][22][23][24][25][26] Aiming to improve the catalytic ability, a large number of experiments have been conducted to find stable alloyed palladium-based binary nanostructured catalysts (PdÀ Au, [27][28][29][30][31] PdÀ Co, [32][33][34] PdÀ Ni, [35,36] PdÀ Cu, [37][38][39][40] PdÀ Ag, [41][42][43][44][45] etc.) with excellent performance and long-term use.…”