Synthesis of Nano-catalysts by Induction Suspension Plasma Technology (SPS) for Fischer–Tropsch Reaction

Aluha, James; Bere, Kossi E.; Abatzoglou, Nicolas; Gitzhofer, F.

doi:10.1007/s11090-016-9734-1

Cited by 16 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Although higher molecular‐mass solvents (e.g., C 30 ) may build up on the catalyst surface and in the pores so that adsorption and diffusion rates are inhibited, a stirring speed of over 2000 rpm was applied to lower mass transfer limitations. In addition, porous catalysts normally suffer from the limited mobility of reactant molecules into the liquid‐filled pores and experience slowed exchange rates with the internal surface, but our nanometric catalyst did not, since it is a non‐porous material by design . From the GC charts, peak areas were computed to determine the FTS product distribution by a method already described in earlier works .…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation and deactivation scenarios in a plasma‐synthesized Co/C catalyst for Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis

Aluha

Abatzoglou

2018

Can J Chem Eng

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A carbon‐supported cobalt nano‐catalyst (Co/C) synthesized through plasma was tested for Fischer‐Tropsch activity. Catalyst deactivation and activation protocols studied included in situ sample pre‐treatment at 673 K in gas flowing at the rate of 250 cm3 · min−1 in: (a) H2 only, (b) CO only, and (c) CO followed by H2, with each cycle lasting 24 h. The so‐treated catalyst samples were then tested for FTS activity for over 50 h of time‐on‐stream (TOS), at 2.2 MPa pressure and 493 or 518 K temperature in a 3‐phase continuously‐stirred tank slurry reactor (3‐φ‐CSTSR) using squalane (C30H62) as the carrier liquid phase. The feed gas composition of molar H2:CO = 1.7 comprising 50 % H2, 30 % CO, and 10 % CO2 balanced in Ar for mass balance determination, flowing at a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 3360 cm3 · h−1 · g−1 of catalyst. Fresh catalysts and those reduced by CO‐only were completely inactive at 493 K and initial inactivity was attributed to the excessive C matrix formed around the metal nanoparticles during catalyst synthesis. The sample that was reduced by H2 only was the most active, although it showed the fastest declining activity due to cumulative high H2O vapour pressure in the FTS reactor, while the sample pre‐treated in both CO and H2 demonstrated a higher degree of stability with TOS.

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Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation and deactivation scenarios in a plasma‐synthesized Co/C catalyst for Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis

Aluha

Abatzoglou

2018

Can J Chem Eng

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“…The application of nanometric catalysts in this work was targeted for two main reasons: that the FTS product selectivity is strongly influenced by the size of Co nanoparticles [30], and that it is desirable to operate the reactor away from diffusion-limiting regimes. Due to the nature of the reaction, the large polymeric molecules especially the waxes generated in due course may easily clog catalyst pores and lead to catalyst deactivation.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Research Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reactor set-up and detailed production of the catalyst synthesis method through plasma has been provided in an earlier article [30], where two reactor vessels were used to trap the synthesized materials. The first vessel, which confines the plasma plume is regarded as the main plasma reactor, while the auxiliary reactor lies adjacent to the main plasma reactor and both of them are connected through a junction where the fine-powder catalyst particles are captured on filters during the high vacuum evacuation.…”

Section: Plasma Synthesis Reactormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This necessitated for a modification of our reactor system, where we have devised a method of analyzing the liquid-phase in order to determine the composition of the heavier hydrocarbons (C 5+ ) in real time as the reaction progresses. Having a family of eight plasma-synthesized catalysts based on Co and Fe [30], the most active material at the lower temperatures of 160-220 • C was the single Co/C catalyst, which we have selected to use in this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In characterizing the materials' properties, we have motivated for the catalysts' potential suitability in FTS application since the materials have been found to be both nanometric and non-porous [30]. Therefore, in this paper, we report for the first time the effect of feed gas composition on the catalyst's α-value with TOS as projected from the FTS product distribution using the plasma-synthesized catalyst supported on carbon (Co/C).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of CO Concentration on the α-Value of Plasma-Synthesized Co/C Catalyst in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

Aluha

Abatzoglou

2017

Catalysts

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Abstract:A plasma-synthesized cobalt catalyst supported on carbon (Co/C) was tested for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) in a 3-phase continuously-stirred tank slurry reactor (3-φ-CSTSR) operated isothermally at 220 • C (493 K), and 2 MPa pressure. Initial syngas feed stream of H 2 :CO ratio = 2 with molar composition of 0.6 L/L (60 vol %) H 2 and 0.3 L/L (30 vol %) CO, balanced in 0.1 L/L (10 vol %) Ar was used, flowing at hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 3600 cm 3 ·h −1 ·g −1 of catalyst. Similarly, other syngas feed compositions of H 2 :CO ratio = 1.5 and 1.0 were used. Results showed~40% CO conversion with early catalyst selectivity inclined towards formation of gasoline (C 4 -C 12 ) and diesel (C 13 -C 20 ) fractions. With prolonged time-on-stream (TOS), catalyst selectivity escalated towards the heavier molecular-weight fractions such as waxes (C 21+ ). The catalyst's α-value, which signifies the probability of the hydrocarbon-chain growth was empirically determined to be in the range of 0.85-0.87 (at H 2 :CO ratio = 2), demonstrating prevalence of the hydrocarbon-chain propagation, with particular predisposition for wax production. The inhibiting CO effect towards FTS was noted at molar H 2 :CO ratio of 1.0 and 1.5, giving only~10% and~20% CO conversion respectively, although with a high α-value of 0.93 in both cases, which showed predominant production of the heavier molecular weight fractions.

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How to Survive at Point Nemo? Fischer–Tropsch, Artificial Photosynthesis, and Plasma Catalysis for Sustainable Energy at Isolated Habitats

Levchenko,

Xu,

Baranov

et al. 2023

Global Challenges

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Inhospitable, inaccessible, and extremely remote alike the famed pole of inaccessibility, aka Point Nemo, the isolated locations in deserts, at sea, or in outer space are difficult for humans to settle, let alone to thrive in. Yet, they present a unique set of opportunities for science, economy, and geopolitics that are difficult to ignore. One of the critical challenges for settlers is the stable supply of energy both to sustain a reasonable quality of life, as well as to take advantage of the local opportunities presented by the remote environment, e.g., abundance of a particular resource. The possible solutions to this challenge are heavily constrained by the difficulty and prohibitive cost of transportation to and from such a habitat (e.g., a lunar or Martian base). In this essay, the advantages and possible challenges of integrating Fischer–Tropsch, artificial photosynthesis, and plasma catalysis into a robust, scalable, and efficient self‐contained system for energy harvesting, storage, and utilization are explored.

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Synthesis of Nano-catalysts by Induction Suspension Plasma Technology (SPS) for Fischer–Tropsch Reaction

Cited by 16 publications

References 36 publications

Activation and deactivation scenarios in a plasma‐synthesized Co/C catalyst for Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis

Activation and deactivation scenarios in a plasma‐synthesized Co/C catalyst for Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis

Effect of CO Concentration on the α-Value of Plasma-Synthesized Co/C Catalyst in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

How to Survive at Point Nemo? Fischer–Tropsch, Artificial Photosynthesis, and Plasma Catalysis for Sustainable Energy at Isolated Habitats

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