Synthesis of nanomaterials for biofuel and bioenergy applications

Krishna, Jayachandran; Perumal, Ayyappasamy Sudalaiyadum; Khan, Imran; Chelliah, Ramachandran; Wei, Shuai; Swamidoss, Caroline Mercy Andrew; Oh, Deog‐Hwan; Bharathiraja, B.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822401-4.00031-3

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 265 publications

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“…Electron beam evaporation: similar to thermal evaporation, this method uses an electron beam to heat the metal source and create a vapor that condenses onto the substrate. Electron beam evaporation enables accurate control over deposition rates and enables the fabrication of complex multilayer structures [45,46]; III. Sputtering: sputtering is the process of ejecting atoms or molecules from a target surface by ionizing a target material with high energy.…”

Section: Physical Vapor Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Performance Nanoscale Metallic Multilayer Composites: Techniques, Mechanical Properties and Applications

Ebrahimi,

Luo,

Wang

et al. 2024

Materials

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Due to their exceptional properties and diverse applications, including to magnetic devices, thermoelectric materials, catalysis, biomedicine, and energy storage, nanoscale metallic multilayer composites (NMMCs) have recently attracted great attention. The alternating layers of two or more metals that make up NMMCs are each just a few nanometers thick. The difficulties in producing and synthesizing new materials can be overcome by using nanoscale multilayer architectures. By adjusting the layer thickness, composition, and interface structure, the mechanical properties of these materials can be controlled. In addition, NMMCs exhibit unusually high strength at thin layer thicknesses because the multilayers have exceptionally high strength, as the individual layer thicknesses are reduced to the nanoscale. The properties of NMMCs depend on the individual layers. This means that the properties can be tuned by varying the layer thickness, composition, and interface structure. Therefore, this review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanical properties and the application of high-performance NMMCs. The paper briefly discusses the fabrication methods used to produce these composites and highlights their potential in various fields, such as electronics, energy storage, aerospace, and biomedical engineering. Furthermore, the electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of the above composite materials are analyzed in detail. The review concludes with a discussion of the future prospects and challenges associated with the development of NMMCs.

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Section: Physical Vapor Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Performance Nanoscale Metallic Multilayer Composites: Techniques, Mechanical Properties and Applications

Ebrahimi,

Luo,

Wang

et al. 2024

Materials

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“…Nevertheless, the high cultivation cost, high energy input for lipid extraction and biomass drying, and less stable algae-derived biofuels require further exploration of the fourth-generation biofuels . Most recently, the fourth-generation biofuels are proposed to be produced from water, carbon dioxide, and solar energy by bioengineered organisms (e.g., genetically modified algae, yeast, and cyanobacteria). , However, the development of the fourth-generation biofuels is still in the formative stages due to long processing time and high economic cost on the genetic alteration and optimization . Additionally, H 2 as a “fuel of the future” has climbed its way up to the stage of hydrogen economy, in which abundant biomass feedstocks are promising to be converted into H 2 via recently developed technologies …”

Section: Key Operating Parameters Of Hydrothermal Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…102,103 However, the development of the fourth-generation biofuels is still in the formative stages due to long processing time and high economic cost on the genetic alteration and optimization. 104 Additionally, H 2 as a "fuel of the future" has climbed its way up to the stage of hydrogen economy, in which abundant biomass feedstocks are promising to be converted into H 2 via recently developed technologies. 45 The production of first-generation biofuels is well-developed and currently the main source of biofuels.…”

Section: Hydrothermal Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal Treatment of Biomass Feedstocks for Sustainable Production of Chemicals, Fuels, and Materials: Progress and Perspectives

et al. 2023

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Hydrothermal process is an emerging technology that contributes to sustainable production of biomass-derived chemicals, fuels, and materials. This technology uses hot compressed water to convert various biomass feedstocks including recalcitrant organic compounds in biowastes into desired solid, liquid, and gaseous products. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in the hydrothermal conversion of lignocellulosic as well as nonlignocellulosic biomass to value-added products and bioenergy to fulfill the principles of circular economy. However, it is important to assess hydrothermal processes in terms of their capabilities and limitations from different sustainability aspects so that further advances can be made toward improvement of their technical maturity and commercialization potential. The key aims of this comprehensive review are to (a) explain the inherent properties of biomass feedstocks and physio-chemical characteristics of their bioproducts, (b) elucidate related transformation pathways, (c) clarify the role of hydrothermal process for biomass conversion, (d) evaluate the capability of hydrothermal treatment coupled with other technologies for producing novel chemicals, fuels and materials, (e) explore different sustainability assessments of hydrothermal processes for potential large-scale applications, and (f) offer our perspectives to facilitate the transition from a primarily petro-based to an alternative biobased society in the context of changing climate.

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“…It is highly important to study and control the reaction parameters (e.g., type of metal cation precursors, molar ratio between M(II) and Fe(III) cations, reaction temperature, pH value, and type/concentration of alkaline agent) [ 59 ]. The reactant undergoes precipitation (supersaturation of the metallic oxide in the solution) to reach NPs of a particular size [ 60 ]. MNCs have been studied by the coprecipitation method, which is generally synthesized from salt species such as Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ in an alkali solution and under non-oxidizing conditions [ 61 ].…”

Section: Synthesis Of Magnetic Polymer Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Trends in Magnetic Polymer Nanocomposites for Aerospace Applications: A Review

et al. 2022

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Polymers have had an enormous impact on science and technology, and their interest relating to the development of new macromolecular materials has exponentially increased. Polymer nanocomposites, materials based on a polymeric matrix covalently coupled to reinforcement, display properties of both components. In the aerospace industry, polymer nanocomposites are attractive due to their promising characteristics, among which lightness, mechanical and thermal resistance, radiation and corrosion resistance, and conductive and magnetic properties stand out. The use of them, instead of metal-based materials, has allowed the optimization of design processes and applications in order to provide safer, faster, and eventually cheaper transportation in the future. This comparative review collects the most relevant and prominent advances in the development of polymer nanocomposites with aerospace applications starting from basic aspects such as the definition of polymer nanocomposite to more specialized details such as synthesis, characterization, and applications, in addition to proposing new research branches related to this topic.

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Synthesis of nanomaterials for biofuel and bioenergy applications

Cited by 12 publications

References 265 publications

High-Performance Nanoscale Metallic Multilayer Composites: Techniques, Mechanical Properties and Applications

High-Performance Nanoscale Metallic Multilayer Composites: Techniques, Mechanical Properties and Applications

Hydrothermal Treatment of Biomass Feedstocks for Sustainable Production of Chemicals, Fuels, and Materials: Progress and Perspectives

Recent Trends in Magnetic Polymer Nanocomposites for Aerospace Applications: A Review

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