Synthesis of new amphiphilic star polymers derived from a hyperbranched macroinitiator by the cationic ‘grafting from’ method

Weberskirch, Ralf; Hettich, Rainer; Nuyken, Oskar; Schmaljohann, Dirk; Voit, Brigitte

doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-3935(19990401)200:4<863::aid-macp863>3.3.co;2-e

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The alkyl halide initiators range from chloride34 and bromide35 to iodide,36, 37 as well as acetyl halide 38. The alkyl iodide initiators are mostly converted in situ from chloride39, 40 or bromide41 analogues using NaI or KI reactants. The simplest iodine initiator is molecular iodine, for which the mechanism of polymerization has recently been elucidated 42…”

Section: Initiator‐based Functionalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to Modulate the Chemical Structure of Polyoxazolines by Appropriate Functionalization

Guillerm¹,

Monge²,

Lapinte³

et al. 2012

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

203

171

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Polyoxazolines (POx) are increasingly studied as polymeric building blocks due to the possibility of affording tunable properties. Additionally, as it was proved that biocompatibility and stealth behavior of POx are similar to that of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), it became challenging to develop polyoxazoline-based (co)polymers. Even if POx have a lot of advantages, they also show an important drawback as it is to date impossible to prepare high molecular weight polyoxazolines, with low polydispersity indexes. So, it appears important to judiciously functionalize them. This review covers the multiple ways of functionalization of polyoxazolines.The use of functional initiators, functional terminating agents, and 2-R-2-oxazolines with R functional side group is detailed. In conclusion, some perspectives on POxfunctionalizations are also reported, with functions permitting selective "click" reactions.

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Section: Initiator‐based Functionalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to Modulate the Chemical Structure of Polyoxazolines by Appropriate Functionalization

Guillerm¹,

Monge²,

Lapinte³

et al. 2012

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

203

171

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“…[89], [90] For example, oligohalides have been used for the preparation of star-like polymers, but as initiation is slow compared to propagation it has to be expected that different arms of a star-polymer differ significantly in their length. [92]– [94] Alternatively to the grafting from approach, star, dentritic or comb polymers can be synthesized by grafting through [95]–[98] and grafting onto [13], [99]–[102] approach. Although these methods involve additional preparative steps, they allow a direct combination of POx with other polymers including additional functions by main chain copolymerization or conjugation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(2‐oxazoline)s as Polymer Therapeutics

Luxenhofer

Han

Schulz

et al. 2012

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

427

325

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Poly(2-oxazoline)s (POx) are currently discussed as an upcoming platform for biomaterials design and especially for polymer therapeutics. POx meets several requirements needed for the development of next-generation polymer therapeutics such as biocompatibility, high modulation of solubility, variation of size, architecture as well as chemical functionality. Although in the early 1990s first and promising POx-based systems were presented but the field lay dormant for almost two decades. Only very recently, POx based polymer therapeutics came back into the focus of very intensive research. In this review, we give an overview on the chemistry and physicochemical properties of POx and summarize the research of POx-protein conjugates, POx-drug conjugates, POx-based polyplexes and POx micelles for drug delivery.

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“…5,6 Molecular brushes based on poly(2-oxazoline)s (POx) got in focus of recent research because of the advantageous properties of POx as a biomaterial. 7,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] After early approaches 31,32 yielding a variety of POx-based comb polymers, [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] POx molecular brushes have been synthesized recently by several routes. 7,8 Similar to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), hydrophilic POx is non-toxic, 9,10 non-immunogenic (low to none complement activation), 10,11 suppresses biofouling, 12,13 POxylated entities display the same "stealth effect" as PEGylated ones, [14][15][16] and hydrophilic as well as amphiphilic POx shows a biodistribution and excretion which is beneficial for medical applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(2-oxazoline) molecular brushes by grafting through of poly(2-oxazoline)methacrylates with aqueous ATRP

Gieseler

Jordan

2015

Polym. Chem.

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Molecular brushes of poly(2-oxazoline)s (POx) are an intriguing class of polymers as they combine a unique architecture with the properties of POx as a biomaterial. Here, the synthesis of several POx macromonomers with methacrylate end groups and consecutive grafting through polymerization by aqueous atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) at room temperature is reported. 1 H-NMR spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) confirmed the synthesis of POx molecular brushes with maximum side chain grafting densities, narrow molar mass distributions (Ð ≤ 1.16) and final molar masses corresponding to the initial macromonomer : initiator ratio. Chain extension experiments show high end group fidelity, formation of block copolymer molecular brushes and kinetic studies revealed a polymerization behavior of oligo(2methyl-2-oxazoline methacrylate) very similar to the frequently used oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (OEGMA 475 ). Aqueous solutions of POx molecular brushes with poly(2-ethyl-and 2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) side chains exhibit the typically defined thermoresponsive behavior with a tunable, very narrow and reversible phase transition. P(MeOx 7 -MA) 52 0.118 P(MeOx 7 -MA) 104 0.116 P(MeOx 7 -MA) 202 0.114 P(MeOx 21 -MA) 50 0.146 P(MeOx 21 -MA) 91 0.153 P(EtOx 21 -MA) 50 0.149 P(EtOx 21 -MA) 92 0.156 P(EtOx 21 -MA) 183 0.153 Macromonomer synthesis Macromonomer MeOx 7 -MA: In a glove box, 5.7774 g (35.2 mmol, 1 eq) methyltriflate was dissolved in 45 mL acetonitrile and 14.9237 g (175.4 mmol, 5.0 eq) 2-methyl-2-oxazoline were added slowly at r.t.. The solution was stirred at 90 °C for 20 min. Afterwards the solution was

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Synthesis of new amphiphilic star polymers derived from a hyperbranched macroinitiator by the cationic ‘grafting from’ method

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

How to Modulate the Chemical Structure of Polyoxazolines by Appropriate Functionalization

How to Modulate the Chemical Structure of Polyoxazolines by Appropriate Functionalization

Poly(2‐oxazoline)s as Polymer Therapeutics

Poly(2-oxazoline) molecular brushes by grafting through of poly(2-oxazoline)methacrylates with aqueous ATRP

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