Synthesis of non-substituted phthalocyanines by standard and non-standard techniques. Influence of solvent nature in phthalocyanine preparation at low temperature by UV-treatment of the reaction system

Abstract

Several synthetic techniques for metal-free phthalocyanines (Pc) and d-and f-metal phthalocyaninates (''PcM'') starting from different precursors (phthalonitrile, urea and phthalic anhydride, phthalimide, phthalic acid, etc.) are reviewed. Conventional methods are presented, as well as some less well-known techniques such as those using ultrasound, laser, microwaves, or nuclear transformation. Special attention is paid to phthalocyanine formation at relatively low temperatures (0-60 1C). Experimental results on Pc formation using UV-irradiation of the reaction system are presented.

Solution Processable Transition Metal Phthalocyanine Nanofibres

“…The resulting spherical particles have a size of about 450 nm diameter and are dispersed in water using polyethylene glycol stabilizer. [25,26] In this report, we extend the simple chemical synthesis, which was reported earlier by us for NiPc synthesis, [14] as a general route to the synthesis of various other transition metal MPcs (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Cu and Zn). The MPc molecules selfassemble and stack into one-dimensional (1-D) nanostructures.…”

“…have also presented a one‐pot synthesis of CuPc and ZnPc nanostructures by UV irradiation. The resulting spherical particles have a size of about 450 nm diameter and are dispersed in water using polyethylene glycol stabilizer …”

Optoelectronic Properties of New Synthesized Phtalocyanine

“…The PC5 complex was found to be more soluble (completely), then non subtistuted zn-phtalocyanine [10], in dimethylformaamide and dimethylsulfoxide. The new compound obtained in this study was been characterized as far as possible by spectroscopic techniques (IR and 1 HNMR).…”

Improved syntheses of high hole mobility phthalocyanines: A case of steric assistance in the cyclo-oligomerisation of phthalonitriles

“…This, together with the need for chromatographic purification, limits the scale on which metal-free phthalocyanine liquid crystals can be made. Such low yields are common for nontemplated phthalonitrile cyclo-oligomerisation reactions and, although high-yielding nontemplated routes have been developed for some metal-free phthalocyanines [19,33–35], for the liquid-crystalline phthalocyanines, the low yield of the cyclo-oligomerisation step is a problem. Somewhat surprisingly, for some of the branched-chain α-alkylated systems, we obtained very good yields even without using a metal template.…”