A novel series of six [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-
a
]isoquinolin-3-yl)-3-(1,3-diphenyl-1
H
-pyrazol-4-yl)prop-2-en-1-ones (
3a
–
3f
) was designed and synthesized. They were characterized based on spectral and elemental analyses. In silico studies were also committed to provide insights and a better understanding of their structural features. The six compounds were screened for their antiproliferative activity using the MTT assay against five human cancer cell lines, namely, A549, HCT116, PC3, HT29, and MCF-7 in parallel with the non-cancerous human lung cell line WI-38. The results showed that
3e
and
3f
have potential cytotoxic activities, especially on A549 cells with IC
50
= 2.3 µM and 1.15 µM, respectively. Meanwhile, they recorded a minimal cytotoxic effect on WI-38 cells. Concerning the molecular mechanism of action, the present study showed the inhibitory effect of the six compounds against total EGFR. The most potent EGFR inhibitors were
3e
and
3f
with IC
50
= 0.031 µM and 0.023 µM, respectively. The selectivity index of
3f
for EGFR
T790M
was 1.81 times more selective than that of lapatinib. In addition,
3e
and
3f
initiated cell cycle arrest at the G2/M and pre-G1 phases along with the downregulation of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 and the upregulation of pro-apoptotic proteins: p53, Bax, and caspases 3, 8, and 9. Further studies are recommended to evaluate animal models’ promising anticancer activity and molecular mechanism of triazolo[3,4-
a
]isoquinoline derivatives
3e
and
3f
.
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-024-76459-x.