Synthesis of Novolac/Layered Silicate Nanocomposites by Reaction Exfoliation Using Acid-Modified Montmorillonite

Morphology and Thermal Stability of Novolac Phenolic Resin/Clay Nanocomposites Prepared via Solution High‐Shear Mixing

“…Thus, pillaring the clay with large hydrophobic organic ammonium salts may not assist intercalation/exfoliation during Novolac/clay nanocomposite preparation. [8] This behavior contrasts with that of hydrophobic or less hydrophilic polymer/montmorillonite composites, such as poly(propylene carbonate)/clay systems, [14] poly[(butylene succinate)-co-(butylene adipate)]/ CNa þ , [15] polyamide-6/CNa þ [15] and poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile)/CNa þ [16] composites. As polymerization occurs in the bulk Novolac resin and within the galleries, little further net diffusion occurs into the clay structure.…”

“…Manfredi et al [7] used sonication to mix resole phenolic resin/5 wt.-% organoclay (Cloisite 10A or Cloisite 30B) nanocomposites and their unmodified Cloisite Na þ analogs. Wang et al [8] synthesized the Novolac/layered silicate nanocomposites by condensing phenol/formaldehyde using an acid-modified montmorillonite catalyst.…”

Influence of Clay Modification on the Properties of Resol Nanocomposites

“…The flexibility of the layers was attributed to the large aspect ratio and very low thickness of the clay sheets. [20] The chemical structure of the resol resin was studied by FTIR and the influence of the addition of clay to the resol in its structure was analyzed. The FTIR spectra in the range of 950-1 950 cm À1 are shown in Figure 5.…”

“…[6] In recent years, thermosetting polymer/clay nanocomposites have attracted more attention. Epoxy [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] polyurethane, [15] unsaturated polyesters [16] and phenolic resins [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] are the common matrices studied so far. The studies about phenolic resins nanocomposites were made on both novolacs and resols.…”

A New Strategy to Exfoliate Silicone Rubber/Clay Nanocomposites

“…TEM is often used to differentiate between these two classes of relative separation of clay layers in the exfoliated state: disorderly exfoliated structure [7,8,10,12,14 -16] and orderly exfoliated structure. [9] The latter means the layered structure of clay still exists but with a layer spacing larger than 8 nm. A layered structure is not found in Figure 3a and exfoliation is confirmed by a higher-magnification micrograph in Figure 3b.…”