Synthesis of nucleated glass-ceramics using oil shale fly ash

Effect of Crystallization Time on Behaviors of Glass-ceramic Produced from Sludge Incineration Ash

“…Similar crystalline phases existing in the glass-ceramics prepared from other municipal waste were also reported elsewhere [8][9][10]. This crystallization behavior could be explained by the theory of stable energy of glass structure unit, in which the structure units [3,11,12].…”

“…However, the large amount of sludge incineration ash (SIA) containing high levels of heavy metals needs further treatment because of increased environmental awareness and pressing need for precious land resources [1]. Sludge incineration ash contains large amount of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , CaO, P 2 O 5 and Fe 2 O 3, which are suitable raw material for glass-ceramics production [2][3][4]. Vitrification has been proven to be efficient method to solidify many types of hazardous wastes, which the heavy metals can be stabilized in the glass matrix.…”

Environmental hazard of oil shale combustion fly ash

“…The results of chemical and ecotoxicological study of the 1:10,000 fly ash eluates may be used for environmental risk assessment of oil shale fly ashes emitted into the atmosphere and/or used in other industrial sectors (such as production of cement and other building materials, glass ceramic, soil improvement, and road construction [1,[45][46][47]). In the latter case it is important to note that the direct contact of fly ash with soils matrix may considerably decrease the bioavailability of trace metals [48].…”

The preparation of a green shape-stabilized composite phase change material of polyethylene glycol/SiO2 with enhanced thermal performance based on oil shale ash via temperature-assisted sol–gel method

“…However, during the oil shale processing, a large amount of byproduct called oil shale ash (OSA) is generated. OSA accounts for nearly 90 wt% of the raw material and has been estimated to be about 3.2 Â 10 11 t [2][3][4]. In China, the annual discharge of OSA is estimated to be more than 800,000 t. However, as a hazardous byproduct without timely and proper treatment, the OSA invades a lot of farmland and deteriorates the environment and the widespread spontaneous combustion phenomenon also causes hidden safety troubles, which will in turn hinder the development of oil shale industry [5].…”