Synthesis of organically-capped metallic zinc nanoparticles using electrical explosion of wires (EEW) coupled with PIERMEN

Abdelkader, Elseddik M.; Jelliss, Paul A.; Buckner, Steven W.

doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2014.10.012

Cited by 9 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Also, the amount of nickel compared with the amount of combusted cap and amorphous carbon can be very small, as EEW produces significant amounts of carbon due to solvent pyrolysis. 36 Similar behavior was observed for other metals except silver, which did not oxidize.…”

Section: ■ Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

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Metal and Metal Carbide Nanoparticle Synthesis Using Electrical Explosion of Wires Coupled with Epoxide Polymerization Capping

2015

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In this study, metal-containing nanoparticles (NPs) were produced using electrical explosion of wires (EEW) in organic solvents. The explosion chamber was constructed from Teflon to withstand the shockwave, allow growth and reaction of the incipient NPs in various organic solvents containing dissolved ligands, and allow a constant flow of argon to maintain an inert environment. A survey of different transition d-block metals was conducted with metals from groups 4-8, affording metal carbide NPs, while metals from groups 9-12 gave elemental metallic NPs. Tungsten carbide phase WC1-x, which has not been previously isolated as a single-phase material, was exclusively formed during EEW. We used polymerization initiation by electron-rich metallic nanoparticles (PIERMEN) as a capping technique for the nascent NPs with an alkyl epoxide employed as the monomers. Transmission electron microscopy showed spherical particles with the metallic core embedded in a polymer matrix with predominantly smaller particles (<50 nm), but also a broad size distribution with some larger particles (>100 nm). Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) was used to confirm the identity of the metallic NPs. The capping agents were characterized using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. No evidence is observed for the formation of crystalline oxides during EEW for any metals used. Differential scanning calorimetry/thermal gravimetric analysis was used to study the NP's behavior upon heating under an air flow up to 800 °C with the product oxides characterized by PXRD. The bifurcation between metal-carbide NPs and metal NPs correlates with the enthalpy of formation of the product carbides. We observed PIERMEN capping of elemental metal NPs only when the metal has negative standard electrode potentials (relative to a bis(biphenyl) chromium(I)/(0) reference electrode).

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Section: ■ Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

“…The chamber used for EEW was described previously. 36 Figure S1 shows the main parts of the experiment along with the explosion chamber. The chamber was subjected to argon flow for 5− 10 min to provide an oxygen-free atmosphere during the explosion.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal and Metal Carbide Nanoparticle Synthesis Using Electrical Explosion of Wires Coupled with Epoxide Polymerization Capping

2015

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“…27,28 This epoxide polymerization methodology has been extended to the capping and passivation of aluminum, magnesium, zinc, and certain other d-block metal NPs produced by electrical explosion of wires (EEW). 29−31 This work established that a minimum metal reducing ability (as quantified by electrode potentials) was necessary to successfully ring-open and polymerize epoxide monomers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Varying degrees of stability ranging from hours to weeks were reported, with more stable materials resulting from the use of capping monomers with increasing hydrophobicity. Thomas et al later showed that alkene-terminated epoxides were also effective toward NP capping; the additional reactive functional group was shown to be useful for the grafting of additional monomers, such as tetradecadiene, leading to the production of Al NPs that exhibited exceptional air stability (6 months) or the ability to be dispersed in numerous organic solvents. , This epoxide polymerization methodology has been extended to the capping and passivation of aluminum, magnesium, zinc, and certain other d-block metal NPs produced by electrical explosion of wires (EEW). − This work established that a minimum metal reducing ability (as quantified by electrode potentials) was necessary to successfully ring-open and polymerize epoxide monomers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(methyl methacrylate) as an Environmentally Responsive Capping Material for Aluminum Nanoparticles

2017

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We present an investigation of the photochemistry of aluminum nanoparticles (Al NPs) capped with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with total attenuated reflection confirm the presence of crystalline aluminum cores and the PMMA cap and allow us to confirm the latter’s photodegradation upon exposure to UV light. The PMMA-Al NPs were also characterized by differential scanning calorimetry coupled with thermogravimetric analysis to study the thermal profiles for polymer combustion and metal oxidation exotherms. Transmission electron microscopy confirms that the Al NPs, around 36 nm in diameter, are embedded in the PMMA matrix. Following UV irradiation, the PMMA-Al NPs react considerably faster with alkaline solutions, compared with unphotolyzed samples. Photoactivation of the nanocomposite induces partial decomposition of the PMMA capping layer, exposing the underlying reactive metal cores to the surrounding environment and accelerating its redox reactivity. Photolysis times of 1, 6, 24, and 52 h were investigated to establish a minimum UV exposure time for the activation of the PMMA-Al NPs toward hydrolytic hydrogen gas generation.

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“…In this work, alloy nanoparticles were fabricated by the electrical explosion of wires (EEW) method, which is a process of explosive destruction of a metal wire under the action of high density current. It has been successfully used to produce various pure metal and metal oxide particles such as Al, Fe, Ni, Si and Fe2O3 [20][21][22][23][24], as well as a few alloy nanoparticles (i.e., Al-Cu, Al-Ni) [25]. For alloy particles, coated metal wires were generally used where one metal component was electrodeposited onto the surface of another metal wire and EEW was subsequently applied [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal-Chemical Characteristics of Al–Cu Alloy Nanoparticles

et al. 2015

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This work investigated the oxidation, ignition and thermal reactivity of alloy nanoparticles of aluminum and copper (nAlCu) using simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) method. The microstructure of the particles was characterized with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), and the elemental composition of the particles before and after the oxidation was investigated with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).The particles were heated from room temperature to 1200 o C under different heating rates from 2 to 30 K/min in the presence of air. The complete oxidation process of the nAlCu was characterized by two exothermic and two endothermic reactions, and the reaction paths up to 1200 o C were proposed. An early ignition of nAlCu, in the temperature around 565 o C, was found at heating rates ≥ 8 K/min. The eutectic melting temperature of nAlCu was identified at ~ 546 o C, which played a critical role in the early ignition. The comparison of the reactivity with that of pure Al nanoparticles showed that the nAlCu was more reactive through alloying.

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Synthesis of organically-capped metallic zinc nanoparticles using electrical explosion of wires (EEW) coupled with PIERMEN

Cited by 9 publications

References 36 publications

Metal and Metal Carbide Nanoparticle Synthesis Using Electrical Explosion of Wires Coupled with Epoxide Polymerization Capping

Metal and Metal Carbide Nanoparticle Synthesis Using Electrical Explosion of Wires Coupled with Epoxide Polymerization Capping

Poly(methyl methacrylate) as an Environmentally Responsive Capping Material for Aluminum Nanoparticles

Thermal-Chemical Characteristics of Al–Cu Alloy Nanoparticles

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