Synthesis of Oxidation-Resistant Cupronickel Nanowires for Transparent Conducting Nanowire Networks

Rathmell, Aaron R.; Nguyen, Minh; Chi, Miaofang

doi:10.1021/nl301168r

Cited by 303 publications

(342 citation statements)

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“…In the race to find better transparent electrodes, researchers have investigated numerous candidate materials 25,[38][39][40][41] . Figure 6a shows the transmittance versus sheet resistance of Li-intercalated ultrathin graphite as well as other high-performance transparent conducting materials, including other carbon-based materials 15,42 , and the best commercial indium tin oxide electrodes 40,43 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaching the limits of transparency and conductivity in graphitic materials through lithium intercalation

et al. 2014

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Various band structure engineering methods have been studied to improve the performance of graphitic transparent conductors; however, none has demonstrated an increase of optical transmittance in the visible range. Here we measure in situ optical transmittance spectra and electrical transport properties of ultrathin graphite (3-60 graphene layers) simultaneously during electrochemical lithiation/delithiation. On intercalation, we observe an increase of both optical transmittance (up to twofold) and electrical conductivity (up to two orders of magnitude), strikingly different from other materials. Transmission as high as 91.7% with a sheet resistance of 3.0 O per square is achieved for 19-layer LiC 6 , which corresponds to a figure of merit s dc /s opt ¼ 1,400, significantly higher than any other continuous transparent electrodes. The unconventional modification of ultrathin graphite optoelectronic properties is explained by the suppression of interband optical transitions and a small intraband Drude conductivity near the interband edge. Our techniques enable investigation of other aspects of intercalation in nanostructures.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaching the limits of transparency and conductivity in graphitic materials through lithium intercalation

et al. 2014

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“…These methods prevent the CuNW surface from being exposed to oxygen by forming a passivation layer. Rathmell et al 17 reported the synthesis of the core-shell CuNWs, in which the core CuNWs were surrounded by a nickel shell in the form of cupronickel nanowires. However, the resistivity of such film was 3.1 times higher than pure CuNWs, due to the intrinsically higher resistivity of nickel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annealing-free fabrication of highly oxidation-resistive copper nanowire composite conductors for photovoltaics

et al. 2014

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Copper nanowire (CuNW)-network film is a promising alternative to the conventional indium tin oxide (ITO) as a transparent conductor. However, thermal instability and the ease of oxidation hinder the practical applications of CuNW films. We present oxidation-resistive CuNW-based composite electrodes that are highly transparent, conductive and flexible. Lactic acid treatment effectively removes both the organic capping molecule and the surface oxide/hydroxide from the CuNWs, allowing direct contact between the nanowires. This chemical approach enables the fabrication of transparent electrodes with excellent properties (19.8 X sq À1 and 88.7% at 550 nm) at room temperature without any atmospheric control. Furthermore, the embedded structure of CuNWs with Al-doped ZnO (AZO) dramatically improves the thermal stability and oxidation resistance of CuNWs. These AZO/CuNW/AZO composite electrodes exhibit high transparency (83.9% at 550 nm) and low sheet resistance (35.9 X sq À1 ), maintaining these properties even with a bending number of 1280 under a bending radius of 2.5 mm. When implemented in a Cu(In 1 Àx ,Gax)(S,Se) 2 thin-film solar cell, this composite electrode demonstrated substantial potential as a low-cost (Ag-, In-free), high performance transparent electrode, comparable to a conventional sputtered ITO-based solar cell. NPG Asia Materials (2014) 6, e105; doi:10.1038/am.2014.36; published online 13 June 2014Keywords: chemical reduction treatment; copper nanowire; indium-free transparent electrodes; photovoltaic; thermal oxidation resistance INTRODUCTION Transparent conductive materials are a crucial, basic element in the realization of various optoelectronic devices, such as flat panel displays, touch screens, organic light emitting diodes and thin-film solar cells. 1-3 Indium tin oxide (ITO) has been the most widely explored material, because of its excellent transparency (B90% at 550 nm) and low sheet resistance (B20 O sq À1 ). However, with the rising demand for transparent electrodes, the development of cost-effective alternatives to ITO has been of great importance. The quest for alternative transparent conductors, including conducting polymers, carbon nanotubes, graphenes and nanostructured electrodes, has been a topic of active research for the last decade. 4 Among these materials, metal-nanowire network films are thought to be a substantial candidate. The metallic nanowire film is capable of providing high transparency and conductivity by virtue of its characteristic structure, which consists of a percolated random network of nanowires. [5][6][7][8][9] Unlike the brittle metal oxide skeletonbased ITO, metal-nanowire films are easily applicable to bendable, wearable active devices, because of the inherently flexible nature of metals. A high aspect ratio is a critical factor for high transparency and conductivity, but metal nanowires possessing this quality suffer

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“…We adopted and modified an electroless plating method for Power [mW] coating our CuNWs with nickel [25] . The details of the process are given in our experimental section.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Ni-coating process is adopted from Rathmell et al [25] with some modification. Plasma-treated CuNW samples were placed in a beaker with 3 mL ethylene glycol.…”

Section: Ni-coated Cunw Thin Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-high aspect ratio copper nanowires as transparent conductive electrodes for dye sensitized solar cells

et al. 2016

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We report the synthesis of ultra-high aspect ratio copper nanowires (CuNW) and fabrication of CuNW-based transparent conductive electrodes (TCE) with high optical transmittance (>80%) and excellent sheet resistance (Rs <30 Ω/sq). These CuNW TCEs are subsequently hybridized with aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin-film coatings, or platinum thinfilm coatings, or nickel thin-film coatings. Our hybrid transparent electrodes can replace indium tin oxide (ITO) films in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) as either anodes or cathodes. We highlight the challenges of integrating bare CuNWs into DSSCs, and demonstrate that hybridization renders the solar cell integrations feasible. The CuNW/AZO-based DSSCs have reasonably good open-circuit voltage (Voc = 720 mV) and short-circuit current-density (Jsc = 0.96 mA/cm 2 ), which are comparable to what is obtained with an ITO-based DSSC fabricated with a similar process. Our CuNW-Ni based DSSCs exhibit a good open-circuit voltage (Voc = 782 mV) and a decent short-circuit current (Jsc = 3.96 mA/cm 2 ), with roughly 1.5% optical-to-electrical conversion efficiency.

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Synthesis of Oxidation-Resistant Cupronickel Nanowires for Transparent Conducting Nanowire Networks

Cited by 303 publications

References 44 publications

Approaching the limits of transparency and conductivity in graphitic materials through lithium intercalation

Approaching the limits of transparency and conductivity in graphitic materials through lithium intercalation

Annealing-free fabrication of highly oxidation-resistive copper nanowire composite conductors for photovoltaics

Ultra-high aspect ratio copper nanowires as transparent conductive electrodes for dye sensitized solar cells

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