Synthesis of pediculocidal and larvicidal silver nanoparticles by leaf extract from heartleaf moonseed plant, Tinospora cordifolia Miers

Abstract

Insecticide resistance and inadequate attention to the application instructions of topical pediculicides are common reasons for treatment failure. Essential oils or plant extracts are good and safe alternatives due to their low toxicity to mammals and easy biodegradability. The present study was carried out to establish the pediculocidal and larvicidal activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using leaf aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia Miers (Menispermaceae) against the head louse Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) and fourth instar larvae of malaria vector, Anopheles subpictus Grassi and filariasis vector, Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae). We reported the aqueous plant extract and synthesized AgNPs against head lice and vectors. Direct contact method was conducted to determine the potential of pediculocidal activity. The synthesized AgNPs characterized by UV-vis spectrum, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and X-ray diffraction. Head lice and mosquito larvae were exposed to varying concentrations of aqueous extracts and synthesized AgNPs for 24 h. The results suggest that the optimal times for measuring mortality effects of synthesized AgNPs were 33% at 5 min, 67% at 15 min, and 100% after 1 h. The maximum activity was observed in the synthesized AgNPs against lice, A. subpictus and C. quinquefasciatus (LC(50) = 12.46, 6.43 and 6.96 mg/L; r (2) = 0.978, 0.773 and 0.828), respectively. The findings revealed that synthesized AgNPs possess excellent anti-lice and mosquito larvicidal activity. These results suggest that the green synthesis of AgNPs have the potential to be used as an ideal ecofriendly approach for the control of head lice and vectors.

Antigenotoxic effect of green-synthesised silver nanoparticles from Ocimum sanctum leaf extract against cyclophosphamide induced genotoxicity in human lymphocytes—in vitro

“…On comparison with the stem, the leaf showed maximum synthesis because of their high phenolics, flavonoids (apigenin, luteolin) and tannins (Naheed et al 2010). Further biosynthesis can be confirmed by appearance of brownish black colour upon addition of AgNO 3 which is due to surface plasmon vibration of synthesised nanoparticles (Jayaseelan et al 2010). The FTIR results of SNPs of O. sanctum leaf extract reveal the presence of -C-O-C-and -C=C-functional groups and these groups are previously proved to have certain potential reducing agents in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Cho et al 2005).…”

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesized using pod extract of Cola nitida enhances antioxidant activity and phytochemical composition of Amaranthus caudatus Linn

“…Nanosilvers either chemically or biologically synthesized have unequalled properties, and have gained prominence because of their anticancer, antimicrobial, antibacterial, larvicidal, antioxidant antiparasitic, anticoagulant, thrombolytic and antifungal properties Jayaseelan et al 2011;Sukirtha et al 2012;Zahir and Rahuman 2012;Raliya et al 2015;Azeez et al 2016;Lateef et al 2016a, b, c, d;Ojo et al 2016). Due to these properties nanosilvers have been used in therapeutics, and applied in manufacturing of plastics, textile, healthcare products and electrical appliances (Gengan et al 2013;Schlich and Hund-Rinke 2015;Lateef et al 2016e).…”

Utilization of the Terrestrial Weed Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) in Clean-Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles

“…It is manifested by the gradual appearance of pinkish red or violet color in the reaction medium. This color has been known to be caused due to the excitation of surface Plasmon oscillations in the AuNPs induced by the passing light [6,9,13,19].…”

“…The species studied so far mostly encompass fruits, flowers, vegetables, grains, cereals, spices, other foodstuff, medicinal plants, and beauty aids. For example, geranium, neem, gooseberry, aloe vera, coriander, guava, clove buds, mint, cinnamon, curry leave, horse gram, myrobalan, white gourd and citrus fruit that already have well-established uses, and entail substantial costs of production, have been explored [6,13,14]. Also, in the past most authors have used only one or the other part of the plants-leaf, bark, seed, flower, or fruit-for AuNP synthesis.…”