Synthesis of PEGylated low generation dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles for CT imaging applications

Liu, Hui; Wang, Han; Xu, Yanhong; Shen, Mingwu; Zhao, Jinglong; Zhang, Guixiang; Shi, Xiangyang

doi:10.1039/c3nr06694k

Cited by 73 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Further, through the PEGylation chemistry, targeting ligands of folate [66] or lactobionic acid [67] can be linked onto the surface of Au-DENPs through the PEG spacer for targeted CT imaging of FRexpressing KB tumor and human hepatocellular carcinoma tumor, respectively. To avoid the use of expensive high generation PAMAM dendrimers, low-generation dendrimers (e.g., G2) can also be modified with PEG for effective entrapment of Au nanoparticles with a size of 1-2 nm for tumor CT imaging applications [68,69]. Alternatively, dendrimer-stabilized Au nanoparticles (Au DSNPs) can be prepared using G2 PAMAM dendrimers as a stabilizer under a hydrothermal condition without additional reducing agents for animal organ [70] and tumor [71] CT imaging.…”

Section: Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent therapeutic applications of the theranostic principle with dendrimers in oncology

et al. 2018

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Section: Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent therapeutic applications of the theranostic principle with dendrimers in oncology

et al. 2018

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“…The particles were found to accumulate in tumor and the bladder, although much higher CT attenuation was observed in the latter. In a comparison to Omnipaque, formulated particles remained in the bladder for longer time periods [96].…”

Section: Passively Targeted Gold Nanoparticle Formulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold Nanoparticles as X-Ray, CT, and Multimodal Imaging Contrast Agents: Formulation, Targeting, and Methodology

Mahan

Doiron

2018

Journal of Nanomaterials

115

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Computed tomography (CT) is among the most popular medical imaging modalities due to its high resolution images, fast scan time, low cost, and compatibility with all patients. CT scans of soft tissues require the localization of imaging contrast agents (CA) to create contrast, revealing anatomic information. Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) have attracted interest recently for their use as CT CA due to their high X-ray attenuation, simple surface chemistry, and biocompatibility. Targeting molecules may be attached to the particles to allow for the targeting of specific cell types and disease states. AuNP can also be readily designed to incorporate other imaging contrast agents such as rare earth metals and dyes. This review summarizes the current state-of-the-art knowledge in the field of AuNP used as X-ray and multimodal contrast agents. Primary research is analyzed through the lens of structure-propertyfunction to best explain the design of a particle for a given application. Design specification of particles includes size, shape, surface functionalization, composition, circulation time, and component synergy. Key considerations include delivery of a CA payload to the site of interest, nontoxicity of particle components, and contrast enhancement compared to the surrounding tissue. Examples from literature are included to illustrate the strategies used to address design considerations.

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“…In the early days, dendrimers were only used as vectors of some imaging elements; for example, Mn(II) or Gd(III) chelating dendrimers were prepared as contrast agents for MRI applications; 88,91,94 dye-conjugated dendrimers were used for fluorescence imaging; 95,96 and dendrimer-entrapped Au nanoparticles (Au DENPs) or iodinated-compounds conjugated dendrimers were applied to CT. [97][98][99][100] With multi-signal elements and targeting molecules in one dendrimer molecule, dendrimers can easily target to the intended imagining organs. Dendrimers conjugated with folic acid (FA) and Cu 2+ were studied as bioprobes to target and image human cancers using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence analysis, and the results showed that the targeting probes increased the intensity of fluorescence signal compared to 93 Likewise, folate receptor-targeted dendrimer nanoclusters (DNCs) labeled with Gd can be used for MRI of cancers with high expression of folate-receptor.…”

Section: Dendrimers As Imaging Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of molecular imaging of atherosclerosis and the potential application of dendrimer in imaging of plaque

Anwaier

Chen

Cao

et al. 2017

IJN

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Despite the fact that technological advancements have been made in diagnosis and treatment, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Early detection of atherosclerosis (AS), especially vulnerable plaques, plays a crucial role in the prevention of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Targeting the critical cytokines and molecules that are upregulated during the biological process of AS by in vivo molecular imaging has been widely used in plaque imaging. With their three-dimensional architecture, composition, and abundant terminal functional groups, dendrimers provide a platform for multitargeting and multimodal imaging. Thus, modified dendrimers with the key molecules upregulated in AS plaques will be an innovative attempt to achieve targeted imaging of AS plaques specifically and efficiently. This review was aimed to address some recent works on imaging of AS plaques using various types of image technology and further discuss the applications of dendrimers, an innovative yet seldom used method in imaging of AS plaques due to some limitations and challenges, and we highlight the bright future of the modified dendrimers in characterizing AS plaques.

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Synthesis of PEGylated low generation dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles for CT imaging applications

Cited by 73 publications

References 49 publications

Recent therapeutic applications of the theranostic principle with dendrimers in oncology

Recent therapeutic applications of the theranostic principle with dendrimers in oncology

Gold Nanoparticles as X-Ray, CT, and Multimodal Imaging Contrast Agents: Formulation, Targeting, and Methodology

A review of molecular imaging of atherosclerosis and the potential application of dendrimer in imaging of plaque

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