Synthesis of Phenanthridinones via the Palladium‐Catalyzed Annulation of Benzyne

Abstract

This chapter describes the procedure for synthesis of phenanthridinones via the palladium‐catalyzed annulation of benzyne. It presents some of the important points to be considered, the conditions that need to be maintained, characterization data, and the reagents required, as well as the techniques used and the equipment setup that are vital to carrying out the process. The chapter also describes the hazards associated with working with chemicals and the ways to deal with these hazards. Beyond the synthesis of phenanthridinones, palladium‐catalyzed aryne annulations have proven to be quite general, enabling access to diverse product scaffolds from appropriately substituted precursors bearing an aryl halide and a pendent nucleophile or electrophile.