Synthesis of Poly(aniline-co-benzene)-Based Hypercrosslinked Polymer for Hg(II) Ions Removal from Polluted Water: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies

Abstract

The aim of this work was to investigate the adsorption performance of a highly crosslinked poly(aniline-co-benzene) (PAB) copolymeric network. This hypercrosslinked polymer (HCP) was obtained via the Friedel–Craft reaction in the presence of FeCl3 as an alkylation catalyst. The HCP was characterized using FTIR, SEM, TGA-DTA-DSC thermograms, and BET surface area. The analysis revealed a major mesoporous (an average pore diameter of 4.96 nm) structure, a surface area of 987 m2/g, and adequate chemical and thermal stability, thus supporting its potential as an adsorbent. The PAB HCP capability as an adsorbent for removing mercury ions (Hg2+) from wastewater was examined, and the data obtained were kinetically and thermodynamically modeled. The data were found to fit PFO well (R2 = 0.999), suggesting a physisorption process and a rate-limiting step involving the diffusion process, as proven with IPD and LFD models. The adsorption of Hg2+ on PAB was spontaneous (ΔG° is negative; −4.41 kJ/mol at 298 K), endothermic (ΔH° is positive; 32.39 kJ/mol), and random (ΔS° is positive; 123.48 J/mol·K) at the adsorption interface. The thermodynamic analysis also suggested a physical adsorption mechanism (ΔG° between −20 and 0 kJ/mol). These findings promote the potential application of PAB HCP as an efficient adsorbent for removing Hg2+ ions and other heavy metal ions from polluted environments.

Halogen-Bonding Interaction-Mediated Efficient Iodine Capture of Highly Nitrogen-Functionalized Hyper-Crosslinked Polymers

“…The FTIR spectrum of P-Hz exhibits broad signals of N–H stretching at 3255 cm –1 , N–H bending at 1614 cm –1 , and C–N stretching at 1200 cm –1 , confirming the substitution of tosylate groups by the N–H nucleophilic groups of the hydrazine monohydrate reagent. , In the case of P-Az , the FTIR spectrum exhibits a distinct vibrational signal for an NNN stretching at 2091 cm –1 , which is the characteristic peak of an azide functional group . A reduction of P-Az to P-Am was confirmed by disappearance of a signal arising from an azide group concomitantly with the presence of characteristic absorption signals of the primary amine group at 1656 cm –1 and 1177 cm –1 , corresponding to N–H bending and C–N stretching vibrations, respectively …”

“…40 A reduction of P-Az to P-Am was confirmed by disappearance of a signal arising from an azide group concomitantly with the presence of characteristic absorption signals of the primary amine group at 1656 cm −1 and 1177 cm −1 , corresponding to N−H bending and C−N stretching vibrations, respectively. 41 Additionally, HCPs were characterized by CHNS elemental analysis. The theoretical mass of each HCP was calculated based on bis-methylene substituted at the 2-and 5-positions of the aromatic rings of the respective monomers, except P-Bz and P-Tol, which were calculated from the 2-, 3-, 5-, and 6positions (Table S2).…”

Green Synthesis of ZnO/SnO2 Hybrid Nanocomposite for Degradation of Cationic and Anionic Dyes under Sunlight Radiation

“…Hence, the resulting experimental mol ratios (%) of Sn in the ZT10, ZT20, and ZT30 composites, as calculated by Equation (4), were 8.66, 17.71, and 27.73 mol%, respectively. Taking into consideration the EDS accuracy, which is relatively low compared to other elemental analysis techniques, the resulting experimental values of Sn At.%, compared to its theoretical values, are acceptable for this technique [42].…”