Synthesis of polyacrylamides hydrophobically modified with butyl acrylate using a nanoclay with interlayer spaces for butyl acrylate aggregation: studies on the microstructure and aqueous solution viscosity

Abstract

Aqueous solution copolymerization of acrylamide and butyl acrylate can be affected by the hydrophobic nature of the nanoclay, resulting in different copolymer microstructures.

Preparation of Styrene–Maleic Anhydride–Acrylamide Terpolymer Particles of Uniform Size and Controlled Composition via Self-Stabilized Precipitation Polymerization

“…The copolymers of AM and maleic anhydride (MAH) can be used as flocculants to remove dye stuff from textile effluents due to the polarity of anhydride groups and functional carboxylic groups formed in water . In addition, the copolymerization of hydrophilic AM with hydrophobic monomers can result in amphipathic or hydrophobically associative PAMs, which may present special dissolution characteristics and performance. − Researchers have prepared copolymers of AM and styrene (St) and terpolymers of AM, St, and MAH, and these copolymers with different compositions exhibited different rheological properties, which could find potential applications in the field of oil recovery. ,, …”

“…Up to present time, conventional polymerization methods for the preparation of PAMs can be divided into solution, emulsion, inverse emulsion, dispersion, and precipitation polymerization. − High molecular weight PAMs can be facilely prepared via homogeneous solution polymerization, but heat transfer became difficult due to the high viscosity of the reaction system. Moreover, the PAMs prepared by solution polymerization are usually gelatinous, whose application fields are mainly limited to oil recovery and water treatment. ,− In addition, the gelatinous products need to be further dried and crushed prior to use, which is a time and energy consuming process. To overcome the difficulty in heat transfer during polymerization, various kinds of heterogeneous polymerization methods, including emulsion, inverse emulsion, and dispersion polymerization, are adopted for the preparation of PAM products, and PAM particles are directly obtained without a complex crushing process.…”

Micellar RAFT/MADIX Polymerization

“…Water-soluble polymers modified with small amounts of hydrophobic monomers are widely used as rheology modifiers. − In aqueous solution, hydrophobic units from different polymer chains associate, leading to the formation of a physically cross-linked network that displays interesting rheological features . These polymers can be prepared by postmodification of water-soluble polymers, but the resulting hydrophobic segments are randomly distributed, , which leads to limited thickening abilities.…”