Synthesis of polyamino styrene from post-consumption expanded polystyrene and analysis of its CO2 scavenger capacity

Abstract

In this research, a sample of expanded polystyrene (EPS) was isolated from a whole solid waste amount as raw material, the synthesis of polyamino styrene (PSNH 2 ) was done in a two-step process. Initially, it was carried out the nitration of PS to obtain polynitro styrene (PSNO 2 ) in 10.18% of nitration's efficiency. Afterward, the PSNO 2 was reduced under HCl/Sn conditions in order to obtain the PSNH 2 in 50% of yield taking into account the reduction of NO 2 groups from PSNO 2 . The raw material, intermediary and the final product were completely characterized by chemical analytical techniques. With the new material in hands, it was used as a solid support in the CO 2 capture process, showing an adsorption capacity of 1.05 mmol g −1 of PSNH 2 .

Materials from waste plastics for CO2capture and utilisation

“…Very recently, Merchán-Arenas et al reported a two-step synthesis of an amine-tethered PS adsorbent (PSNH 2 ) involving the nitration of waste EPS, followed by HCl/Sn-catalysed reduction of NO 2 to NH 2 groups (Figure 2D). 51 When applied as a solid support in CO 2 capture process, PSNH 2 showed a moderate adsorption capacity of 1.05 mmol g −1 at 273 K. This could likely be improved by optimising the degree of PS amination. Gaikar and co-workers synthesised PSbased adsorbents by functionalising chloromethylated PS with different N-heterocyclic compounds.…”

“…2D). 51 When applied as a solid support in the CO 2 capture process, PSNH 2 showed a moderate adsorption capacity of 1.05 mmol g −1 at 273 K. This could likely be improved by optimising the degree of PS amination. Gaikar and co-workers synthesized PS-based adsorbents by functionalising chloromethylated PS with different N-heterocyclic compounds.…”

“…5 Based on the same working mechanism of alkanolamines, the introduction of CO 2 -philic amine groups into polymers like PS and PVC has been shown to be efficient in CO 2 capture. [48][49][50][51] prepared HCPs via a one-pot Friedel-Crafts alkylation of waste EPS with 1,2-dichloroethane crosslinker (Figure 2A). 45 Among the HCPs obtained, the highest observed CO 2 adsorption capacity and CO 2 /N 2 selectivity were 1.987 mmol g −1 and 23.4, respectively, at 273 K. Later, Fu et al explored the use of four other crosslinkers to enhance the porosity of polymeric adsorbents derived from waste PS.…”

“…5 Based on the same working mechanism of alkanolamines, the introduction of CO 2 -philic amine groups into polymers like PS and PVC has been shown to be efficient in CO 2 capture. [48][49][50][51] Fu et al prepared HCPs via a one-pot Friedel-Crafts alkylation of waste EPS with a 1,2-dichloroethane crosslinker (Fig. 2A).…”

Synthesis, Characterization, and Gas Adsorption Performance of Amine-Functionalized Styrene-Based Porous Polymers

“…Furthermore, an increased affinity of PS for CO 2 compared to N 2 or CH 4 can be expected owing to the dipole interactions of phenyl groups containing π-electrons with quadrupolar CO 2 . Therefore, HCLPs based on PS and their amine group-modified forms have recently been investigated as efficient and low-cost CO 2 adsorbents [ 12 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. For example, Fu et al [ 27 , 28 ] synthesized several types of HCLPs from waste expanded PS using different cross-linking agents; the best achieved CO 2 absorption was 2.5 mmol g −1 and CO 2 /N 2 separation efficiency of 38 at 273 K. The cross-linking of aromatic polymers was found to improve the textural properties of the prepared materials and enhance their CO 2 adsorption capacity [ 28 , 33 , 34 , 35 ].…”