“…[1][2][3][4] Latex particles bearing carboxylic functional groups, either at their surface or internally, have numerous applications in medical diagnostics, adhesives, impact modifiers, as well as paper and textile coatings. 1,2,[5][6][7][8] Water-soluble carboxylic acid containing monomers, such as fumaric acid (FA), itaconic acid (IA), acrylic acid (AA), and methacrylic acid (MAA), listed in order of increasing hydrophobicity, are widely used in emulsion polymerization for the synthesis of carboxylated latexes. They are usually incorporated into the latex particle surface, and even in small quantities have been shown to improve colloidal and freeze-thaw stability, and adhesive properties.…”