Synthesis of Polystyrene and Polystyrene/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Nanoparticles

He, Guangwei; Pan, Qinmin

doi:10.1002/marc.200400211

Cited by 71 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Particles with sizes less than 20 nm could be controllably synthesized. [7][8][9] This promising phenomenon was attributed to the mechanism of homogeneous nucleation because a water soluble initiator was used and the monomer concentration in the reaction system was kept at a starving level. [7] This communication reports on new discoveries when the differential microemulsion polymerization method is applied to the synthesis of PMMA nanoparticles with an oil soluble initiator, in which the particle nucleation is believed to happen in micelles and follow a heterogeneous nucleation mechanism, rather than occurring in the aqueous phase and following a homogeneous nucleation mechanism.…”

Section: Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Nanoparticles Initiated by 2,2′‐Azoisobutyronitrile via Differential Microemulsion Polymerization

Norakankorn

Pan

Rempel

et al. 2007

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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The synthesis of nanosized poly(methyl methacrylate) initiated by 2,2′‐azoisobutyronitrile via differential microemulsion polymerization has been investigated. Poly(methyl methacrylate) with a molecular weight of around 1 × 106 and a particle size of about 20 nm was achieved under mild reaction conditions. A typical condition was that the surfactant amount required could be as low as 1/130 of the monomer amount in weight, and the surfactant/water ratio could be as low as 1/600, which is much less than the corresponding amounts reported in the literature. “Molecular bricks”, i.e., nanoparticles in which there are only one or two polymer chains, can be achieved using mild conditions by differential microemulsion polymerization, which may have potential applications for making molecular devices.magnified image

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Section: Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Nanoparticles Initiated by 2,2′‐Azoisobutyronitrile via Differential Microemulsion Polymerization

Norakankorn

Pan

Rempel

et al. 2007

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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“…The most common core materials for GNSs are polystyrene (PS) microspheres and silica (SiO 2 ) microspheres [7], both of which have advantages and disadvantages. The existing preparation methods can produce PS microspheres as small as 20 nm or as large as 5 m, with high stability but poor uniformity [7][8][9]. SiO 2 particles have good physical and chemical stability, and show little tendency to aggregate in colloidal solution.…”

Section: Plasmonic and Electromagnetic Properties Of Gnssmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic biosensors and nanoprobes based on gold nanoshells

Rao

et al. 2011

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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Gold nanoshells (GNSs), consisting of a dielectric core coated with gold, have gained extensive attention as they show readily tunable optical properties and good biocompatibility. As highly sensitive and label-free optical biosensors with wide applications, GNSs have been investigated in many fields including drug delivery, immunoassay, cancer treatment, biological sensing and imaging. Taking advantage of the adjustability of the local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and the sensitivity of the surfaceenhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signal of GNSs, we have developed diverse applications including plasmonic biosensors and nanoprobes based on GNSs. In this review we introduce plasmonic and electromagnetic properties and fabrication methods of GNSs. We describe research progress in recent years, and highlight several applications of GNSs developed by our group. Finally we provide a brief assessment of future development of GNSs as plasmonic materials that can be integrated with complementary analytical techniques. With advances of technology, one-component materials can no longer meet the needs of society. Thus researchers have fabricated composite materials from two or more materials with complementary functions and optimization of performance [1][2][3][4]. In addition, nanomaterials of noble metals have gained widespread attention with their excellent physical and chemical properties and biocompatibility. Gold, as a typical representative of nanomaterials, has become the noble metal with the most dynamic research and development potential. Furthermore, novel core-shell structured nanomaterials with a variety of shapes, structures and/or controllable components have aroused intense interest in recent years. As a result, gold nanoshells (GNSs) have emerged as metal nanocomposite materials of great interest. GNSs containing a spherical dielectric core surrounded by an ultrathin, conductive gold layer not only offer superiority in performance but also great potential for developing simple, fast, and lowcost bioanalytical methods for biosensing and nanoprobes. As a new type of nanocomposite material, GNSs possess many notable features. Their linear optical properties, infrared extinction characteristics, photothermal conversion properties, acoustic properties, cavity absorption and electron dynamics characteristics, make GNSs a focal point of basic and applied research. In addition to tunable LSPR among other features, GNSs show a strong electromagnetic enhancement effect, which makes GNSs a potentially ideal active SERS substrate [5,6]. Research in this area has revealed many new phenomena and raised many new issues, and provided new principles and new methods for nano-characterization technology and sensor technology, which will lead to new types of ultra-high sensitivity sensors for LSPR and SERS. This paper will focus on the fabrication of GNSs and research progress in the field in chemical/biological sensing and surface-enhanced spectroscopy.

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“…As the surfactant/St weight ratio was increased to 0.30, the D w of PS particles decreased to 37.6 nm and there was no marked effect on decreasing particle size. Recently, He et al [9] have studied the preparation of PS nanoparticles by a particular seeded polymerization. The polymerization was started with a small amount of methyl methacrylate (MMA) to form dynamic nanoseeds, and then St was added in a differential manner for about 1.5 hrs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel method for preparing monodispersed polystyrene nanoparticles

Wang

Liu

2007

Front. Chem. China

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A preparation manner for monodispersed polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles polymerized by using a novel addition procedure of a monomer is suggested. In systems containing a smaller amount of surfactant compared with conventional microemulsion polymerization, the polymerization processes consists of three stages: adding dropwise the first part of the monomer for a few minutes at 80°C and polymerizing for 1 h; adding collectively the residual part of the monomer and polymerizing at the same temperature for another 1 h; and then polymerizing at 85°C for another 1 h. Based on discussions on the nucleation mechanism of particles in the polymerization system, the influences of monomer weight added dropwise, and amounts of initiator and emulsifier on the size and distribution of PS particles were investigated. PS nanoparticles with smaller diameter such as a number-average diameter of 18.7 nm and better monodispersity were obtained since the dropped styrene amount was suitable under 20wt-% emulsifier amount and 3wt-% initiator amount based on the monomer.

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Synthesis of Polystyrene and Polystyrene/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Nanoparticles

Cited by 71 publications

References 11 publications

Synthesis of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Nanoparticles Initiated by 2,2′‐Azoisobutyronitrile via Differential Microemulsion Polymerization

Synthesis of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Nanoparticles Initiated by 2,2′‐Azoisobutyronitrile via Differential Microemulsion Polymerization

Plasmonic biosensors and nanoprobes based on gold nanoshells

A novel method for preparing monodispersed polystyrene nanoparticles

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